July 27, 1893J 



'^A rURE 



509 



UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 

 INTELLIGENCE. 



In a letter to the Times of July 25, Mr. J. Parker Smith, 

 M.P., describes the action that has been taken by Wykehamists 

 with a view of commemorating the 500th anniversary of the 

 opening of Winchester College by some permanent memorial. 

 It was resolved last May that any fund which might be raised 

 should be applied, first, to the restoration of the Founder's 

 Chantry in the Cathedral, and secondly, to establishing a group 

 of memorial buildings for the preservation of Wykehamical 

 antiquities and the encouragement of art, archaeology, natural 

 history, and other sciences. Mr. Smith is the Chairman of the 

 Executive Committee formed to administer the funds, and he 

 says that the aims of the collection of archaeology and art 

 would be to illustrate and encourage the regular course of school 

 study, and to furnish boys with interests outside that course. 

 As to science, the idea is that 'the science collections should 

 be a development of the present collection of the Natural 

 History Society, which is good though not large. Mr. Smith 

 thinks that special stress would doubtless be laid on the collec- 

 tion of local minerals, fauna, and flora. An attempt might also 

 be made (as has been done at Harrow) to imitate the admirably 

 instructive series of type forms exhibited in the Museum of 

 Natural History at South Kensington ; and it would be highly 

 desirable to connect some moderate provision for elementary 

 biological and botanical work with the natural history museum. 

 Contributions to the fund will be received by the hon. secretary, 

 Mr. Percy R. T. Toynbee, 109, Gloucester Terrace, Hyde 

 Park, W. 



The sixth annual meeting of the National Association for the 

 Promotion of Technical and Secondary Education was held 

 on July 24. The Duke of Devonshire, who occupied the chair, 

 said that public funds had been so rapidly secured for purposes 

 of technical instruction that in some cases both county councils 

 and municipal authorities were at a loss to decide upon the best 

 means of administering them. He thought that it might be 

 advisable for another Royal Commission to be appointed to 

 inquire and report upon the progress made since i88r in our 

 own and in Continental countries. He was glad to see that 

 the county councils of Staffordshire, Bedfordshire, and Man- 

 chester had sent their organising secretaries to the Continent 

 to ascertain the latest developments of technical education 

 abroad, and hoped that their example would be followed by 

 others. Sir Henry Roscoe presented the report of the Society, 

 and its adoption was moved by Mr. Mundella, and supported 

 by Sir F. S. Powell. The officers of the Society were re- 

 elected, with the addition of Sir W. Hart-Dyke as a vice- 

 President, and Sir K. Rollit as a member of the executive 

 committee. 



As an outcome of the Technical Instruction Act, a scheme 

 was promoted, and plans subsequently adopted, for the erection 

 of technical schools at Maidstone, and the foundation stone of 

 the new buildings has just been laid. The schools, which are 

 commodious and well adapted for the purpose for which they 

 will be used, have received the sanction of the Science and Art 

 Department, and comprise, on the ground floor, science, lecture, 

 and class rooms — -the former capable of seating from sixty to 

 eighty-four students — large lecture hall, and a library, together 

 with physical and chemical laboratories, and a wood-carving 

 workshop. On the first floor is the art school, with painting 

 and modelling rooms, and a life studio. The basement 

 is designed for an electric installation and stores. There being 

 a large available space in the vicinity of the Maidstone Museum, 

 the new buildings will form an adjunct, and both in the science 

 and art departments direct communication may be had with that 

 institution, which will thus mutually further the objects of the 

 whole group. 



j Thk following alterations, among others, have been introduced 

 I into the programme of techniologicalexaminationsof the City and 

 I Guilds of London Institute for the session 1893-94. I. An ex- j 

 ' amination in cabinet-making and one in metal-work as a branch 



of manual training have been added. 2. The syllabus in boot •■ 



' and shoe manufacture has been divided into two grades, and 



! separate practical tests are added to each grade. 3. Tne honours 



; examination in photography is divided into two sections — (l) 



pure photography and (2) photomechanical processes — and the 



practical eitaminalion will be held in connection with the honours 



grades only. 4. The ex.imination in cotton weaving in the ordinary 



NO. 1239, VOL. 48] 



grade is divided into two sections — (l) plain weaving and (2) 

 fancy weaving. S' ^"^ examination preliminary to that in the 

 ordinary grade will be held in electric lighting and in typo- 

 graphy ; and the examination in typography in the ordinary grade 

 is divided into two sections. 6. The syllabus in silk weaving is 

 enlarged so as to include riband weaving. 7. The syllabuses in 

 cloth weaving, flax spinning, hosiery, goldsmiths' work, brick- 

 work, and in other subjects have been revised. 



Dr. Dendy, who for the past five years ha- held the position 

 of demonstrator and assistant lecturer in biology in the University 

 of Melbourne, has been appointed lecturer in biology at the Canter- 

 bury College, in the University of New Zealand, and will enter 

 upon his duties there in February next. At present Dr. Dendy has 

 sole charge of the biological department during the absence of 

 Prof. Spencer in England. 



Mr. Stanley Dunkerly, M. Sc, has been appointed assist- 

 ant-lecturer in engineering at the Walker Engineering Labora- 

 tories, University College, Liverpool. 



Last year the Staffordshire Technical Education Committee 

 sent a number of teachers to Leipzig for a course of manual 

 training in wood-wjrk, iron- work, &c. , at Dr. Gotze's Institute. 

 The plan is again being followed this year, not only in Staff )rd 

 but by other counties that have come to recognise its useful- 

 ness. 



SCIENTIFIC SERIALS. 



American Journal of Science, July. — -The following are 

 among the papers appearing in this number : — Studies of the 

 phenomena of simultaneous constrast colour ; and on a photo- 

 meter for measuring the intensities of lights of different colours, 

 by Alfred M. Mayer. The photometer was constructed in such 

 a manner that the two tints to be compared were reduced to the 

 same by the effects of contrast. Two discs, 13cm. in diameter, 

 and having half of their surface removed in the shape of eight 

 equidistant sect irs, were made of thin Bristol board. Between 

 them was placed a circle of white translucent tracing paper, and 

 the discs were clamped together with the open sectors coincid- 

 ing. The compound disc was mounted on a rotator and placed 

 opposite two silvered mirrors inclined at an angle of 150°. The 

 plane of the disc bisected the angle formed by the mirrors, so 

 that the surfaces of both sides could be seen simultaneously. On 

 rotating the disc while illuminated by daylight on the one side 

 and by lamplight on the other, the side illuminated by day- 

 light appeared white tinted with yellow, the other appeared 

 white tinted with blue. A compound disc of red lead, of chrome 

 yellow, and of white cardboard was placed on the daylight side, 

 and an ultramarine, emerald green and white disc on the lamplight 

 side. The greenish-blue produced by the latter combination 

 made the light blue on the lamplight side appear faintly orange- 

 yellow by contrast, while on the other side of the ring the orange- 

 yellow disc had diminished the orange-yellow tint of the 

 ring to the same feeble orange-yellow as seen on the other side. 

 — On the ammonium-lead halides, by H. L. Wells and W. R. 

 Johnston, and on the rubidium-lead halides, and a summary of 

 the double halides of lead, by H. L. Wells. The authors are of 

 opinion that not one of the many complicated ammonium- 

 lead halides described by Andre really exists, but that the 

 bodies obtained by him were mixtures. They themselves suc- 

 ceeded in preparing five salts representing three different pro- 

 portions of ammonium and lead. — A one-volt standard cell, by 

 Henry S. Carhart. This is a calomel and zinc chloride cell 

 adjusted to an E.M.F. of one volt by a proper concentration of 

 the zinc chloride solution. In the bottom of the tube is pure 

 mercury in contact with platinum wire ; then follows a paste of 

 mercurcus chloride and zinc chloride held in position by a cork 

 diaphragm ; and finally an amalgamated zinc rod immersed in 

 zinc chloride solution of density i '391 at I5°C. The cell has 

 a small positive temperature coefficient. 



SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES. 



London. 



Royal Society, June 8. — "The Influence of Exercise 

 on the Interchange of the Respiratory Gases," by W. Marcet, 

 M.D., F.R.S. 



The following is a summary of the contents of this paper : — 

 1st. It was shown that in three persons out of four who 



