582 



NA TURE 



[October 12, 1893 



a Biological Study of Oakgalls and Gallflies." authorised trans- 

 lation, by C. R. Straton. 



Messrs. Longmans. Green and Co. have in preparation : — 

 " Agricultural Analysis, a Manual of Quantitative Analysis for 

 Students of Agriculture," by Frank T. Addyman ; "The Out- 

 door World, or the Young Collector's Handbook," by W. 

 Furneaux, with 546 illustrations, including 16 coloured plates ; 

 "Eskimo Life," by Fridijof Nansen, author of "The First 

 Crossing of Greenland," translated by William Archer, with 

 illustrations. 



Camille Flammarion's " Popular Astronomy " is being trans- 

 lated by Mr. J. Eliard Gore, and will be published by Messrs. 

 Chatpo and Windus. This firm will also publish "The 

 Sagacity and Morality of Plants : a Sketch of the Life and Con- 

 duct of the Vegetable Kingdom," with coloured frontispiece 

 and 100 illustrations; "Our Common British Fossils, and 

 Where to Find Them, a Handbook for Students," with 331 

 illustrations; "The Playtime Naturalist," with 366 illustra- 

 tions. 



The volumes on scientific subjects announced by Messrs. 

 RiviNGTON, Percival andCo. are:— "The School Euclid," by 

 Mr. Daniel Brent ; " The Beginner's Text-Books of Science " : 

 " Chemistry," and " Heat," by Mr. G. Stallard ; " Geology " 

 and " Physical Geography," by Mr. C. L. Barnes ; " Electricity 

 and Magnetism " and " Mechanics (Treated Experimentally)," 

 by Mr. L. Gumming; "Light," by Mr. H. P. Highton ; 

 " Practical Physics," in three parts, by Prof. W. F. Barrett ; 

 "Practical Lessons and Exercises in Heat," by Mr. A. D. 

 Hall. 



In the list of books about to be published by Messrs. W. H. 

 Allen and Co. we find : — " The Naturalist's Library," each 

 section rewrittan by well known naturalists, edited by Dr. R. 

 Bowdler Sharpe, in 20 vols. ; " Handbook of British Hepaticse, 

 containing Descriptions and Figures of the Indigenous Species 

 of Marchantia, Jungermannia, Riccia, and Anthoceros," by Dr. 

 M. C. Cooke, authorof" A Manual of Structural Botany,"&c. ; 

 "The Flowering Plants of Western India," by the Rev. 

 Alexander Kyd Nairne. 



Messrs. Kegan Paul and Co. announce a new volume 

 of " Modern Science Series": "The Faunaof the Deep Sea," 

 by Sydney J. Hickson, Downing College, Cambridge (with 

 illustrations) ; also a new volume of the " International Scien- 

 tific Series: "The Dispersal of Shells: an Inquiry into the 

 Means of Dispersal possessed by Fresh-water and Land 

 Mollusca," by H. Wallis Kew, with a Preface by Dr. Alfred 

 Russel Wallace, F. R.S., &c. (with illustrations). 



Messrs. George Bell and Sons propose to issue Vol. iii. of 

 the " British Fungus-Flora, a Classified Text-book of Myco- 

 logy." by George Massee, author of "The Plant World," with 

 numerous illustrations; "The Elements of Applied Mathe- 

 matics, including Kinetics, Statics, and Hydrostatics," by C. M. 

 Jessop : " Elementary Analytical Geometry," by the Rev. T. G. 

 Vyvyan. 



Messrs. Frederick Warne and Co. announce :^" The 

 Royal Natural History," edited by Richard Lydekker, with pre- 

 face by P. L. Sclater, illustrated with seventy-two coloured 

 plates, and upwards of sixteen hundred wood engravings, by 

 W. Kuhnert, J. Wolf, T. Specht, Gambler Bolton, P. J. Smit, 

 &c., to be issued in monthly parts, beginning this month. 



Messrs. Methuen and Co. will add to their University 

 Extension Series a popular introduction to modern physical 

 astronomy, entitled " The Vault of Heaven," by R. A. 

 Gregory; and "Meteorology; the Elements of Weather and 

 Climate," by Mr. II. N. Dickson. 



From Messrs. A. and C. Black will come " Investigations 

 in Microscopic Foams and on Protoplasm," by Prof. O. 

 Biitschl', translated from the German by E. A. Minchin, illus- 

 trated ; and the remaiuing two parts of Prof. Newton's "Dic- 

 tionary of Birds." 



The following are among the educational announcements of 

 Messrs. Blackie and Son :— " Text-book of Heat," by Dr. C. 

 H. Draper; " Students' Introductory Handbook of Systematic 

 Botany," by J. W. Oliver ;" Elementary Hydrostatics and 

 Pneumatics," by R. Pinkerton. 



Messrs. W. and R. Chami!ERS will add to their list :— 

 "Electricity and Magnetim," by Prof. Cargill G. Knott; 

 " Organic Chemistry, ' by Prof. Peikin;" Elementary Science," 

 by S. R. Todd ; "Navigation," by J. Don. 



Among Messrs. Williams and Norgate's forthcoming 

 books is "A Pocket Flora of the Edinburgh District," by C. O. 



Sonntag, of the Edinburgh High School, with an Analytical 

 Key to Orders and Genera. 



Messrs. J. Hughes and Co. announce " Honours Physio- 

 graphy," by R. A. Gregory and H. G. Wells, and a second 

 edition of Prof. Walker Overend's " Elements of Physiology." 



The Religious Tract Society announce " The Romance 

 of Electricity," by John Munro, with illustrations. 



TRILO BITES WITH ANTENNA AT LAST! 

 lY'TR. W. D. MATTHEW 1 is to be warmly congratulated on 

 being the first to describe Trilobites with visible antenna;. 

 His detailed and illustrated description of a rich find (some 

 sixty specimens) of Triarthms Beckii with antennse, made by 

 Mr. Valiant in the Hudson River shales near Rome, N. V., 

 must naturally cause excitement among biologists all over the 

 world. 



The complete absence of all traces of visible antenna?, and, 

 further, the failure of Walcott, after the most patient research by 

 means of sections, to discover any antennal system at all, have 

 resulted in the Trilobites remaining without abiding home in the 

 zoological system. They have been Isopods, Phyllopods, and 

 even Arachnida. And now, at last, Trilobites have been found 

 with very pronounced antennae ! The first question we natur- 

 ally ask is, what lightdo these antenr.aa throw upon the affinities 

 of this mysterious group? 



.\ccording to the description, these organs are long, many- 

 jointed, typical crustacean anient a;. "They come out close 

 together from just under the centre of the anterior border of the 

 head shield." .... "Their point of origin seems to be under 

 the front part of the glabella, as they can be traced a little way 

 under the head shield, where they almost coalesce, then turn 

 upwards and outwards and disappear." .... "Just over 

 the spot where they come out, the anterior margin of the 

 head shield is arched slightly upwards, seemingly to give room 

 for them to play to and fro." 



From these details we deduce the following : — 



(i) All Trilobites had antenuEE, which except, as far as we 

 know, in the case of Triarthrus Beckii alone remained shut in 

 under the head shield. 



(2) These ventrally placed antenna; were inserted, ap])roxi- 

 mately, one on each side of the labrum. 



It seems to me that these natural conclusions from the facts 

 go far to establish the relationship between the Trilobites 

 and the Apodida; originally maintained by Burmeistei, and 

 recently elaborated by the present writer ("The Apocidae," 

 " Nature Series," 1892). But however weighty the arguments 

 (amounting, it seemed to me, to a proof) in favour of this 

 relationship, the inability actually to demonstrate the existence 

 of the antennns was a felt weakne.-s. That weakness has now 

 been finally removed, and my arguments have been fully con- 

 firmed, by the finding that the Trilobites had antenna; in 

 practically the same position as the antericr pair in the Apodidse. 



The Trilobites may therefore take a firm place at the rout 

 of the Crustacean system, with the existing Apus as their 

 nearest ally. 



The modern Crustacea, with their two pairs of antennae 

 arranged in a group with the eyes at the most anterior end of 

 the body, have then to be deduced from primitive foims in 

 which the antenn.-v were placed ventrally at the sides of the 

 labrum, and were shut in under a large head shield. Triarthrus 

 Beckii shows us one attempt to bring the antenrse forward. A 

 pair of antennx (presumably the anterior pair) lengthened con- 

 siderably, and, without apparently changing their places of 

 insertion, projected from under the head shield through a 

 median groove. In spite of this actual discovery, I still think 

 that the method of attaining the same end proposed by me [toe. 

 cit.) was the method finally adopted. I suggested two grooves, 

 one on each side of the median line, along which the antennae 

 moved bodily to the front. This would allow both pairs to act, 

 as anterior feelers, whereas the method adopted by Triarthrui 

 would apparently only allow one pair to do so. Further, the' 

 piece between the grooves would account fur the rostrum, which 

 we know was very early developed. The antenna; in the early 

 Phyllopod Ceratiocaris papilio were not long and filiform as in 

 the Trilobite Triarihrus, but look exactly like a pair of Apns 

 antenna; moved bodily to the front. 



Whether the remarkable resemblance of the Isopods to the 



^ '"On the .Antennae and other Appendages of Triarthrus BeckiL" 

 i^American Journal pj Science, August, 1893.) 



NO. \ 250. VOL. 48] 



