Popular Science Mont Id y 



65 



A Giant Forging Hammer Which 

 Weighs Six Hundred Tons 



A 



The Sugar Shortage Is a Blessing 

 in Disguise 



FROM the standpoint of hygiene and 

 economy, changes in diet represent 

 a positive gain. For instance, take sugar 

 — a food which yields more calories per 

 unit of cost than any other food, but 

 which, on the other hand, gives us 

 nothing but energy. It contains no 

 protein and no mineral value, elements 

 which are essential. So the present sugar 

 shortage is a blessing in disguise, for we 

 are obliged to substitute in its place 

 vegetables and fruits, which are real body- 

 building foods. Had we made this simple 

 substitution many years ago we might 

 have been a sturdier race to-day. A small electric heater arranged in the 



water circulation system of an aquarium 



Keeping the Fish in the Aquarium 

 Comfortable in Winter 



WHILE it is true that there is no heat 

 provided for the fish in the rivers 

 a blow of eight thousand tons was recently and lakes during the winter, it does not 

 installed in an ordnance plant. It re- follow that the fish in the small glass 

 quired fourteen railroad cars to ship the aquariums do not suffer when 



hammer in sections to its destination. ^^.. the mercury in the thermometer 



The main steam pipe, which 

 admits a steam pressure of 

 from one hundred to one hun- 

 dred and fifty pounds into the 

 giant cylinder, is ten inches in 

 diameter. The ram is fifty- 

 one inches wdde, sixty-six 

 inches front to back and 

 seventy-two inches high. 

 The approximate weight of 

 the die alone was ten tons. 

 The whole superstruc- 

 ture is mounted on 

 four massive ped- 

 estals. The main 

 cylinder is lined 

 with cast-iron 

 bushing of special 

 mixture. The 

 cylinder proper is 

 mounted between 

 the two main 

 frames and it is 

 securely bolted 

 with body-round 

 bolts, the frames 

 being shrunk to- 

 gether with four 

 large rods. 



This huge steel forging hammer is the largest 

 of its kind ever built in the United States 



drops suddenly. 



The accompanying pho- 

 tograph shows how a New 

 York artist provided for 

 the comfort of his gold fish 

 and kept the water in his 

 aquarium at just the proper 

 temperature all winter long. 

 He arranged a small elec- 

 tric heater in the water cir- 

 culation system of the 

 aquarium and regulat- 

 ed it so that the water 

 never varied from the 

 temperature which has 

 proved most 

 agreeable to the 

 fish. It was in- 

 teresting to watch 

 the fish swim 

 madly about on 

 one occasion when 

 the heater did not 

 keep the water at 

 just the correct 

 temperature. They 

 noticed even the 

 slight change al- 

 most immediately. 



