Models for American Airplanes 



Our manufacturers are turning to Europe 

 to get the latest airplane designs 



Although an American 

 invention, the airplane 

 has received its greatest 

 development at the hands 

 of Europeans. The avia- 

 tor no longer has to guess. 

 There are instruments 

 under his eyes to tell him 

 everything of importance 



At the right is a model 

 which our manufacturers 

 are following closely. 

 Every part has been the 

 result of dangerous ex- 

 perimentation and prac- 

 tical usefulness. Note 

 the position of the dum- 

 my machine gun, on top 



Fastenings to main 

 beam of uDper wings 



Gasoline tank 



Emplacement 

 tor Gnome en 

 qine(nooa is 

 missing) 



cnannel 1or 

 exhaust 



Shield sep- 

 arating moto 

 from tuse- 

 .'age 



Axle oT 

 running gear 



structural details and propor- 

 tions that airplanes of to-day 

 are superior to the old ma- 

 chines, not to mention the 

 question of safety. The loca- 

 tion of the sockets for the 

 mainbeams of each wing dis- 

 closes, for instance, that if the 

 lower plane is made much 

 smaller, it should be mounted 

 far enough behind the upper 

 plane so that the struts can be 

 made to converge downward 

 and be fastened only to the 

 frontbeam of the lower wing. 

 This gives a very strong tri- 

 angular construction, of small 

 air resistance that dispenses 

 with diago- 

 nal wire- 

 bracing. 



THE machine pictured, is the last 

 word in fighting airplanes that de- 

 rive the utmost efficiency from the 

 extreme speed and the quick maneuvering 

 and climbing that can be attained by a 

 small, one-man machine. Cutting down 

 the size of the lower plane, makes it 

 superior to other small biplanes. This 

 type has recently been imitated by the 

 Germans in their latest small Albatross 

 fighter, as we point out in another 

 article published elsewhere in this issue. 

 Parts of the latest Nieuport have been 

 taken to serve as a model for the details 

 of American-built "chasers." It is in 



Condemned Army Boots Make 

 Serviceable Roads 



WASTE boot leather has been used 

 for making roads, in England. 

 Combining it with slag, granite, limestone, 

 asphalt and bitumen, a material was ob- 

 tained which possessed the hardness and 

 rigidity of the ordinary tar macadam 

 road and at the same time reduced dust 

 and was more resilient than the usual 

 road. Although it was sufficiently hard 

 to bear heavy traffic, it yielded without 

 cracking on the surface. It was patented 

 in 1910, under the name of "broughite." 



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