430 Popular Science Monthly 



New Farm Tractor Driven by Honey of Grapes — An Attractive 



All Four Wheels Sounding Substitute for Sugar 



/^SCAR D. 



Bowles, an inventor of 

 Seelyville, Ind., has produced a 

 farm tractor which is very hard to mire 

 even in the softest kind of ground. It 

 applies the all-wheel drive and steer of the 

 French tractors, which haul artillery. 

 The vehicle has four wheels, two at the 

 front and two in the rear in the conven- 

 tional arrangement. Each wheel receives 

 some of the propelling power delivered by 

 the gasoline-engine. If the two front 

 wheels are mired in a soft spot and begin 

 to spin because of lost traction, the rear 

 wheels, if 

 they are on 

 solid ground, 

 can pull the 

 vehicle 

 through. 



Each 

 wheel is car- 

 ried on a 

 universal 

 joint, so that 

 all four 

 wheels aid in 

 the steering. 

 In turning a 

 corner, the 

 rear wheels 

 track with 

 the front 

 ones, thus 

 reducing the 

 turning radius and 

 making it simple to 

 turn furrow corners 

 without loss of time. 



Although, as we 

 have said, the all- 

 wheel drive and 

 steer is applied in 

 all French military 

 tractors, Mr. Bowles 

 assures us that 

 he has been working 

 on his invention for 

 thirty years. Even 

 well-informed tech- 

 nical men tried to 

 discourage him, 

 arguing "It can't be 

 done. " But Mr. 

 Bowles did it. 



The all-wheel drive illustrated, makes it exceedingly 

 difficult to mire the tractor even in the softest ground 



/Wheel carrier 



with cleats 

 Each Wheel Receives Some Propelling Power 



Tliis unu.'-ii.il traitor is fnur-wlicc! (lri\<Mi ami steered, 

 that is, each wheel receives some of the drivinv; power to 

 I)iish the vehi< le aloiiR and also aids in the steerinc 

 The power is siipijlied to each wheel from the enuihe, 

 above the frame at one end, by means of a cen«ral, 

 lonniliidinal shaft riinninvj from the front to the rear 

 axle. The drive is throuKh a bevel near and differential 

 at each end. ICacli difTerenlial has universal joints on 

 its opposite sides. These are connected with the center 

 of each wheel, so that it may turn for steerinu. Rach 

 joint is h'-ld in itj pro()er position with the frame by 

 m<Mns ol a hinKcd knuckle joint and the wheels arc held 

 perpendicular to the joints ;it any angle by pipe carriers 

 which run over the tops as shown in the diagrain. 



IT would seem that almost every fruit 

 but the lemon has been considered as a 

 sweetener since the sugar shortage has 

 become a problem. But few substitutes 

 have been even usable. 



The question of obtaining sweetening 

 substances from plants and fruits has 

 naturally been studied by scientists. 

 The Italian Government, through its 

 experiment station at Asti, has been ex- 

 perimenting with Honey of Grapes which 

 is produced by a special process and 

 a patented apparatus, discovered by a 



Professor 

 Monti. 



The sub- 

 stance is a 

 grape sugar 

 resembling 

 honey. It is 

 obtained 

 through 

 evaporation, 

 andasit con- 

 tains no 

 water, it 

 does not 

 change in 

 quality even 

 if conserved 

 for a long 

 period. This 

 is a great ad- 

 vantage over 

 other sugars. It is 

 especially useful in 

 the preparation of 

 jellies and preserved 

 fruits as well as in 

 the manufacture of 

 fruit sirups for non- 

 alcoholic beverages. 

 At Asti, only a 

 small model of 

 Prof. Monti's ap- 

 paratus is em- 

 ployed, but a con- 

 centration of fifty- 

 five per cent is ob- 

 tained from grape 

 liquor, which at the 

 beginning has only 

 sixteen per cent of 

 sugar in solution. 



