44-0 



Popular Science Monthly 



An Electric Lantern Which Will 

 Stand Rough Use 



AN electric lantern 

 . specially con- 

 structed to withstand 

 hard knocks and rough 

 handling is shown in 

 the accompanying il- 

 lustration. The frame 

 is made almost entire- 

 ly of aluminum, and 

 the bulb is set far 

 back against a large 

 reflector so that it is 

 well protected. Two 

 dry cells furnish the 

 current for a brilliant 

 light. A large strap 

 with'hooks is provided 

 so that the lantern 

 may be conveniently 

 carried by suspending 

 it from the shoulders. 



the castings 

 exhaust gases 

 coming fuel is 



This handy lan- 

 tern for camping 

 uses is con- 

 structed to with- 

 stand unusually 

 hard knocks 



and the manifold Y, the 

 heat the Y. The in- 

 raised to such a high tem- 

 perature that it is 

 broken up into very 

 minute particles 

 which are entirely con- 

 sumed by the cylinder 

 explosion. 



The fuel so heated 

 has then no tendency 

 to condense on the 

 manifold walls, which 

 happens when the 

 walls are cold. In- 

 stead, it diffuses itself 

 equally between both 

 arms of the F, so 

 that all four cylinders 

 receive almost exactly 

 the same amount of 

 fuel, an end much to 

 be desired. 



Heating Low-Grade Gasoline with 

 Exhaust Gases 



ONE of the simplest of the many heat- 

 ing devices to aid in more thoroughly 

 vaporizing the present low-grade fuel used 

 in automobiles, consists of two ham- 

 shaped castings which are bolted together 

 over the Y-shaped portion of the intake 

 manifold in such a manner as to leave a 

 small space between the manifold and the 

 exhaust. This intervening space is filled 

 with hot exhaust gases from the engine by 

 means of a flexible metal tube tapped into 

 the exhaust manifold at the top, and then 

 exhausted down below the bottom of the 

 engine-pan by means of a similar piece of 

 flexible tube tapped into the bottom of one 

 of the castings. 



In passing through the space between 



Yawning Fishes. Evidently They 

 Have Brains Enough to be Bored 



DID you ever see a fish yawn? Mr. 

 Richard Elmhirst, an English bi- 

 ologist, tells us that yawning is a common 

 habit of cod, saithe, cobbler, plaice and 

 various other kinds of fish. From his 

 description the piscatorial yawn is very 

 much like the human yawn, except that it 

 is done under water. He says: "From 

 numerous observations I am led to think 

 that this action of fishes is a real yawn, 

 and serves the true physiological purpose 

 of a yawn; that is, flushing the brain with 

 blood during periods of sluggishness. 

 The conditions conducive to yawning are 

 a slight increase in temperature, and, I 

 suppose, the accompanying diminution of 

 oxygen." 



At left: Piping 

 exhaust gases 

 through casting 

 surrounding in- 

 take manifold 

 vaporizes low- 

 grade fuels thor- 

 o u g h 1 y . At 

 right: Uneven 

 gas-distribution 

 as ordinarily 

 e ncou nt ered 



