446 



Pop}(lar Science Monthly 



A Rustic Seat Made from an Old 

 Tree Stump 



IT was merely as a matter of convenience 

 that the largest limb of a tree which 

 was felled, was sawed off nearer the 



The shape of this tree made a very simple 

 task to construct a seat from its stump 



ground than were the two smaller 

 branches. However, this at once sug- 

 gested a seat, which was very easily 

 made. A piece of board was placed on the 

 large stump and a simple back made of 

 two cross poles with vertical slats nailed 

 to them was fastened between the two 

 smaller limbs. With the bark removed 

 and the surface coated with a dull green 

 paint the seat harmonizes with the sur- 

 roundings. 



Admitting Air to a Pullman Car 

 Without Creating a Draft 



WHEN one is traveling in a stuffy, 

 crowded train, especially in cold 

 weather, when all the windows are closed, 

 the jouncing of the cars over the rails, 

 coupled with the close atmosphere, often 

 produced a feeling similar to sea-sickness. 



Fresh air relieves this nausea, but the 

 windows of a railway coach are so situated 

 that when the train is moving fast, the 

 pressure of air is so great that it rushes 

 past the person for whom it is intended, 

 and in cold weather causes the passengers 

 directly behind much discomfort. To 

 remedy this is a simple mutter. 



Take a newspaper, fold it once and roll 

 it into the shape of a cone. Place the 



large end of the cone outside the window 

 which is opened about 4 in. The small 

 end is held very close to the nostrils, not 

 at right angles to the window but at an 

 angle, somewhat forward, at which the air 

 can be taken in. The speed of the train 

 causes the air that enters the large end 

 of the cone to be carried directly to the 

 nostrils, and as the window is only open 

 from 3 to 4 in., very little draft is created. 

 If one finds that cinders are coming in 

 through the cone, move the cone about 

 2 in. forward and place the hand at right 

 angles to the face, close to the nose, on 

 the side away from the window. In this 

 way the air strikes the hand first and 

 travels along the palm to the nostrils, 

 while the cinders strike the hand and 

 fall harmlessly to the floor. 



A Test Which Tells You When 

 Butter Is Not Butter 



DO you know how to make a test to 

 determine if you are buying real 

 butter or a worked-up article such as 

 a butter mixture or margarine ? The 

 test is an interesting one. Place a small 

 lump of the material in an old spoon and 

 hold this over a spirit stove or a gas 

 burner. Watch how it boils. Real but- 

 ter will boil quietly, making a large 

 amount of froth. Margarine makes a 

 great deal of noise, spluttering like a green 



Genuine butter will always boil quietly 

 while margarine will sputter and crackle 



stick placed in the fire. This is a sure test 

 by means of which you can find out 

 whether or not you are really getting pure 

 butter. 



