776 



different widths and place them on the 

 same numbered lines on the pattern. 

 Mark with a cross and then connect these 

 crosses with a curve and you will have the 

 pattern for the hole. 



The next problem, Fig. 2, that of the 

 measure, gives us four patterns to de- 

 velop, all of which are very interesting. 

 The drawing appears somewhat compli- 

 cated on account of overlapping Hnes, 

 but if you will follow the directions care- 

 fully you will have no difficulty. 



Government Proportions for Graduating 

 Liquid Measures 



Before we develop the patterns^it might 

 be well to know the U. S. 

 Government proportions 

 for liquid measures. No 

 matter what the size of the 

 measure, the diameter of 

 the bottom must equal 



Popular Science Monthly 



Patterns 



Protractor 



two-thirds of the vertical height, the di- 

 ameter of the top must equal two-thirds 

 of the diameter of the bottom. 



same The method used in Fig. 2 is as 

 follows: To develop the pattern for the 

 body of the measure. First, draw the 

 front view A, the correct size and pro- 

 portion, continue the side lines up to the 

 apex B and draw the one-half bottom 

 view C. Second, with the dividers strike 

 the pattern arc D-E getting the correct 

 length by stepping the eight spaces of the 

 bottom view. Third, strike the arc F-G 

 and the one-half pattern will be complete. 

 This series has been running long 

 enough now for those of you who have 

 worked out all the problems to be ready 

 to adopt "short cuts" and quick methods. 

 The use of the one-half bottom view and 

 the development of 

 the one-half pattern 

 ' are simple " short 

 cuts," others will be 

 « demonstrated later. 



No matter what the size the method of 

 developing the patterns is exactly the 



A pattern development for a ninety-degree 

 tapered elbow of any number of pieces 



To develop the pattern for the lip 

 which is merely part of a cone, the apex 

 of which is at H: First, draw the outline 

 of the lip, then draw the complete cone 

 of which it is a part by continuing the 

 side lines. Second, draw the one-half 

 bottom view J. Divide it into eight 

 equal spaces. Project these points to the 

 base line, then to the apex //, where these 

 lines cross the outline of the lip. Draw 

 lines straight over to the side line to get 

 the true lengths as you have done before 

 on previous problems. Third, draw the 

 pattern arc K-L, getting the correct 

 length by laying off the eight spaces from 

 the bottom view. Draw lines from these 

 points to the apex //. Now swing the 

 lines over from the side line until they 

 cross the same numbered line coming up 

 from the arc K-L. Make a cross where 

 the lines cross, connect with a curve, draw 

 the arc for the lip to join on to the body 

 and the one-half pattern for the lip is 

 complete. 



