Popular Sricncr Moiii/ili/ 



839 



Ornamental Concrete Pools Take 

 Place of Old Swimming Hole 



THE delights of outdoor swimming in 

 summer are made possible in cities 

 by the building of concrete swimming 

 pools. The expense is so small that even 

 residences can afford them. When set 

 among forest trees, a concrete swimming 

 pool is an attraction. Water may be se- 

 cured from 

 natural 

 springs or 

 streams. 



The con- 

 crete pools 

 are easily 

 waterproofed 

 by proper 

 construction. 

 The main 

 point to avoid 

 leakage is to 

 use good ma- 

 terial so pro- 

 portioned as 

 to get a dense mix- 

 ture; this, when 

 well tamped, makes 

 walls and floor wa- 

 ter-tight or prac- 

 tically so. Con- 

 crete pools are procf 

 against corrosion, 

 and if well built are 

 practically perma- 

 nent. Therefore the cost of excavating 

 and construction may be considered prac- 

 tically the only expense. Ornamentation 

 consisting of balustrade and columns will, 

 of course, increase the expense. 



It is in the inland city where the 

 youngsters never get a chance to splash 

 about except in the bathtub or some 

 abandoned quarry that the concrete swim- 

 ming pool is most appreciated. 



The best type of pool for such places 

 is exemplified at Austin, Texas. This 

 pool is 200 feet long and 100 feet wide. 

 For the first twenty-five feet it has a 

 depth of twelve to eighteen inches, and 

 accommodates scores of small children. 

 In the next 150 feet the depth ranges from 

 three and one-half to four and one-half 

 feet, while the depth of the last 25 feet, for 

 diving, is eight feet. The pool is constantly 

 filled with filtered water, supplied at the 

 rate of five hundred gallons a minute. 



T 



Concrete swimming pools bring delight 

 to city-confined youngsters of all ages. 

 The co3t of construction is the only expense 



Making Use of Tomato Seeds 

 and Skins 



^OMATOES are used in enormous 

 quantities in the United States for 

 food purposes and as a condiment, and 

 the industry of canning tomatoes and 

 that of making catsups or soups of them 

 has developed to considerable impor- 

 tance. In the making of soups and 



catsups only 

 the pulp of 

 the tomatoes 

 is used and 

 heretofore 

 the skins and 

 seeds were 

 discarded 

 as useless. 



Recently 

 economic 

 chemistry 

 has called 

 attention to 

 the possibility 

 of utilizing 

 both the skins and 

 the seeds of the to- 

 matoes. From the 

 seeds 17.3percentof 

 oil can be obtained, 

 which has an agree- 

 able smell and taste 

 and a caloric value 

 equal to that of 

 olive oil. When 



treated with driers it acquires good drying 

 properties, and is also useful in soap 

 making. The seeds from which the oil 

 has been removed and the skins of the 

 tomatoes can be pressed into cakes which 

 have considerable value for feeding cattle. 

 Or the mixed mass may be spread for 

 fertilizing purposes. Its manurial value 

 was found to compare favorably with 

 barnyard manure in potash, phosphoric 

 acid and nitrogen. 



Considerable work has already been 

 done in Italy and other foreign countries 

 toward utilizing tomato refuse and in the 

 Italian province of Parma about 12,000 

 tons of skins and seeds are worked up 

 into oil and fertilizer every year. In the 

 United States, however, this matter has 

 not yet received proper attention. Stress 

 of necessity, however, gradually calls at- 

 tention to the value of many things for- 

 merly regarded as useless. 



