13 



Part II.— Open Air Work— Experience in Natural Climates. 



Page. 



Chapter X. Phenology _ 167 



The relation of temperature and sunshine to the development of plants— 

 Thermometric and actinometrie constants (Reaumur; Adanson; Hum- 

 boldt: Boussingault: Gasparin; Lachmann: Tomaschek; Kabsch; 

 Sachs; Deblanchis; Hoffmann: Herve Mangon: Belland; Marie-Davy; 



Georges Coutagne: Van Tieghem; Lippincott) 168 



Studies in phenology — 



Quetelet 181 



Fritsch - -.- 189 



Linsser 211 



Applications of Linsser's results 233^ 



Dove ---- -.-. 234 



Hoffmann 236 



Marie-Davy (1877; 1878; 1882; 1888; 1890)- 243 



Angot (I, 1882; II, 1886; III, 1888; IV, 1890) 278 



Requests for phenological observations of uncultivated plants (Smith- 

 sonian ; Hoffmann ) 290 



Chapter XI. Acclimatization and Heredity 295 



Grape (Fritz) 295 



Grasses (Sporer) •. . 299 



Cereals (Brewer) 300 



Cotton (Hammond) 305 



Beans (De Candolle) ^ . . ' 306 



Pepper (Sturtevant) ... ^-"'-^ 307 



Kentucky blue grass (Hunt) .--iV, 307 



Chapter XII. Relation of Special Crops to Special Features of 



Climate and other Influences 309 



Beets and potatoes (Briem) 309 



Sugar beets ( Durin) 310 



Grasses (Ladd; Holten) 310 



Cereals (Richardson) 312 



Wheat— General relation to climate and soil (Brewer) 314 



Cultivation of cereals— Experiments at Brookings, S. Dak. — Wheat- 

 Barley — Oats— Maize — Meteorologica! ^ecord for 1888 and 1889 318 



Maize- 

 Indiana 331 



New York (Plumb) 332 



Missouri (Schweitzer) 333 



Pennsylvania (Frear and Caldwell) 333 



Illinois (Hunt) 334 



Maize and peas— New York (Sturtevant) 335 



Sorghum— United States (Wiley and Stone) _ _ 337 



Oats- 

 Kansas 337 



Ohio _ 338 



Freezing of plants and seeds (Detmer) 338 



ijuries and benefits due to wind-breaks 340 



hunderstorms and ozone 341 



Tuning versus climate 341 



/"heat, temperature, and rain in England 341 



agar crop and rain in Barbados 344 



