G8 



daily inaxiimiui niT teinperatuiv. Kainl'all lowers the temperature of 

 the soil, as on March 18, 1890, at 8 inches depth by 2° F., but at 24 

 inches depth by 0.5° F. At 12 inches depth th'e soil waA.not frozen 

 throughout the year, but at 8 inches it was frozen up to the 7th of 

 March. The soil temperatures were read daily at 3 p. m. ; the soil was 

 naturally dry and light, and was covered with a thin grass. The 

 thermometers Avere maximums and minimnms, apjiarently read from 

 above ground without being disturbed in their positions. 



Obscrraiions of PcniUcton. Ore;/., in isno. 

 [From the Monthly Reports of the Oregon State Weather Bureau.] 



Air temperature. 1 



Absolute maximum temper- 

 ature I 



Absolute minimum temper- | 

 ature...: - 



Mean of maximum tempera- 

 ture 



Mean of minimum tempera- | 

 ture _ . 



Monthly mean temperature., 



Precipitation. 

 Total monthly rainfalL 

 .S'0(7 temperatiiri . 

 4-inch depth: 



00.0 



-16.0 



29.1 



13.0 

 21.0 



" F. 

 58.0 



Maximum 

 Minimum . 

 Mean 



.s-inch depth: 

 Maximum 

 Minimum. 

 Mean 



12-inch depth: 

 Maximum 

 Minimum. 

 Mean 



24-in<h depth: 

 Maximum 

 Minimum . 

 Mean 



16.0 

 26.7 



33.0 

 20.0 

 27.8 



34.0 

 ^.0 



:«i.4 



3:i.() 



mo 



26.0 

 37.3 



44.0 

 29.0 

 36.6 



41.0 

 33.0 



37.1 



40.0 

 3.5. 



° F. 

 68.0 

 14.0 

 .57.2 



23.6 

 40.4 



53.0 

 40.0 

 45.8 



49.0 

 38.0 

 43.2 



51.0 

 40.0 

 45.2 



54.0 

 44.0 

 48.5 



SOIL TEMPERATURES OBSERVED AT MONTREAL, CANADA. 



As illustrating temperatures of tlic ground in a very cohl locality. 

 I quote the work of Messrs. C II. McLcod and 1). P. Pciihallow. of 

 McGill College Ob.servatorv, Montreal, who have maintained a series 

 of observations of the temperature of the earth by liecquereFs method, 

 in which the temperature of a coil of wire in the laboratory is !)rought 

 to ecpiality with the temperature of a similar coil buried in the 



