Canthium.'] RUBiACEiE. 159 



Ovary 2-celled, with 1 pendulous or descending ovule in each. Beny globu- 

 lar or didymous. Shnibs, either unarmed or with axiUaiy thorns. Stipules 

 1 on each side, pointed, with a broad base. Flowers in axillary clusters or 

 cymes. 



A considerable genus, dispersed over tropical Asia, Africa, and Australia. 



Unarmed. Leaves 3 in. long or more, glabrous, sbining 1. C. didymum. 



Thorny. Leaves about 1 in. long, pubescent underneath 2. C. horridum. 



1. C. didymum, Gartn. ; Tim. Ennm. PI. Ceyl. Ih^, tcitJi the synonyms 

 there given. An unarmed evergreen shrub, perfectly glabrous. Leaves stalked, 

 ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 3 or 4 in. long, coriaceous, smooth and 

 shining. C\^nes axillary, shortly pedunculate, loose and often many-flowered, 

 but much shorter than the leaves. Corolla 5-lobed, white. BeiTy distinctly 

 didymous. — C. undidatum, Champ, in Kew Journ. Bot. iv. 198. Vangueria 

 dicocca, Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind. ii. 251, with the synonyms adduced. 



In the Happy Valley woods, but rare, Champion ; also Wright. Frequent in India, from 

 Ceylon and the Peninsula to Khasia, the Malayan Peninsula, and the Archipelago. Very 

 variable as to the breadth of the leaves, which are always very shining. It is probably the 

 lax inflorescence that may have induced Miquel to remove it to Vangueria, for I can see no 

 trace in any tlowers I have examined of the three empty cells of the ovary which he gives as 

 the character of that section of Vangueria which he has formed out of this and some other 

 Canthiums. In the bud the two carpels are readily separable fi'om each other, and from the 

 surrounding calyx-tube, and if a cross section is not carefully made, there may appear to be 

 an interval between them, but that cannot be called an empty cell of the ovarium. 



2. C. horridum, Blume? ; Miq. Fl. Ned. Ind. ii. 255 ? A shrub, more 

 or less pubescent on the young shoots and under side of the leaves, and anncd 

 with straight axiUaiy thorns. Leaves ovate, shortly acuminate, scarcely above 

 1 in. long, rounded at the base and almost sessile. Pedicels few, clustered in 

 the axils of the leaves. Bemes 1 -seeded by the abortion of the other ovule. 



Hongkong, Wright. A single specimen, with one fruit, agreeing with the specimens of 

 C. horridum which we have fifom Java and Penang, but, as there are no flowers, it cannot be 

 determined \nth certainty. 



15. MORINDA, Linn. 



Flowers usually several together, united at the base in a small head. Calyx- 

 limb short, scarcely toothed. CoroUa-tube cylindrical or slightly dilated at 

 the top, usually short ; lobes 5, or rarely 4, valvate in the bud. Anthers in- 

 cluded in the tube or rarely exserted. Ovaiy 2- to 4-ceUed, with 1 erect or 

 ascending ovule in each cell. Style exserted, mth 2 stigmatic lobes, or rarely 

 entire. Fruits of each flower-head usually united in one compound beny. — 

 Shrubs, small trees, or sometimes climbers. Stipules usually membranous 

 and united at the base in a sheath within the petioles. Flower-heads on axil- 

 lary or terminal single or clustered peduncles. 



A considerable tropical genus, chiefly Asiatic or African, with 2 or 3 American species. 



1. M. umbellata, Linn.; W. and Am. Trod. Fl. Petiins. i. 420. A 

 trailing, diffuse or somewhat climbing shrub, glabrous or slightly pubescent 

 on the young branches. Leaves on veiy short petioles, oblong, or the upper 

 ones obovate, 1 to 2 in. long in most of the Chinese specimens, often twice 

 as long in the more southern ones. Peduncles usually 4 to 6 together, form- 



