168 COMPOSITE. [Saussurea. 



pappus of 3 or 4 very deciduous slender awns, about half tlie length of the 

 inner plumose one. — S. linearis, Champ, in Kew Journ. Bot. iv. 236. 



Victoria Peak, Champion, Hance, Wright. Ranges from S. China to Japan. The flower- 

 heads are rather larger, and the leaves usually more entire than in the Amoy specimens, and 

 in De Candolle's figure of the Japanese plant, but they all appear to be forms of one species. 



3. S. carthaxnoides, Benth. Root annual. Stem firm, erect, nearly 

 simple, about 2 ft. high, sulcate and slightly cottony. Leaves deeply pin- 

 natifid or lyrate, the lower lobes naiTow, the terminal one broad, thin, green 

 above, white and cottony underneath, 3 or 4 in. long ; the upper ones few, 

 with narrower lobes. Flower-heads few, on long peduncles. Involucre cam- 

 pan ulate, 6 to 8 lines diameter, the numerous bracts linear-lanceolate, acute, 

 slightly scarious at the edge. Achenes striate, slightly cui-ved. Outer pap- 

 pus of several very short scales, united in a minute oblique ring. — Aplotaxis 

 carthamoides, DC. Prod. vi. 540. Serratula carthamoides, Eoxb. Fl. Ind. iii. 

 407. 



Saywan, Harland, Hance, also Wright. Not unfrequent in the hilly districts of northern 

 and eastern India. 



2. CIRSIUM, Toumef. 



Florets all tubular and equal. Involucre imbricate, not longer than the 

 florets ; the bracts, at least the outer ones, prickly-pointed. Eeceptacle bear- 

 ing bristles between the florets. Anthers with the basal lobes slightly fringed 

 or toothed. Achenes flattened, glabrous. Pappus of numerous plumose bris- 

 tles united in a ring at the base, without any outer ones. 



A large genus, spread over a great part of the globe, but chiefly in the temperate regions 

 of the northern hemisphere. It is often considered as a section of Carduus, from which it 

 only differs in the plumose hairs of the pappus. 



I.e. chinense, Gardn. and Champ, in Kew Journ. Bot. i. 323. Eoot- 

 stock said to be creeping as in C. arvense. Stems erect, I to 2 ft. high, sim- 

 ple or scarcely branched. Leaves linear or lanceolate, not decuiTcnt, 2 to 4 

 in. long, bordered with in-egidar veiy prickly teeth, glabrous or slightly pu- 

 bescent above, white-cottony underneath, or at length sometimes glabrous. 

 Flower-heads solitaiy, on long peduncles, near an inch in diameter. Involu- 

 cral bracts very numerous, the outer ones slightly prickly, the inner scarious 

 and recmwed at the tips. Florets purple, veiy numerous. Filaments hispid. — 

 C. oreithales, Hance in Walp. Ann. ii. 944. 



Victoria Peak and other hills. Champion and others. Has been found also in Khasia. 



Tribe IL VERNONIACEjE. 



Leaves alternate.* Flower-heads discoid ; the florets aU tubular, herma- 

 phi-odite and regular or nearly so. Anthers obtuse at the base, without tails. 

 Style not swollen or bulb-shaped below the branches, which are subulate and 

 pointed. 



3. VERNONIA. 



Florets all tubular and equal. Involucre imbricate, not longer than the 

 florets, the inner bracts the longest. Eeceptacle naked. Corolla regular, with 



* The opposite-leaved Liabea and Pectidea are much better placed among Senecionidece. 



