Chrysanthemum.'] composite. • 185 



above an inch in diameter, including the single series of pale-yellow ray-florets. But from 

 long cultivation numerous varieties have arisen, mostly so-caUed double., in which all the 

 florets become ligulate or very much lengthened, and at the same time scarious paleaj are de- 

 veloped OQ the receptacle between them. These vjjrieties, independent of colour, may be 

 classed in two groups, considered by some as distinct species, the C. indicum, with the li- 

 gulpe not much longer than in the wild plant, and the C. sinense, in which they are twice or 

 thrice as long. The foliage is the same in both ; but from Loochoo {Wright) we have a re- 

 markable variety with broad obtuse lobes to the leaves and a much larger involucre. 



27. GRANGEA, Adans. 



Plower-heads heterogamous. Florets all tubular, those of the circumference 

 female, slender, broadly 3-toothed, in 2 or several rows. Disk-florets herma- 

 phrodite, 5 -toothed. Involucre imbricate, in 2 or 3 nearly equal series. Ee- 

 ceptacle hemispherical, naked. Style-branches with a very short obtuse cone, 

 or sometimes the style entire or scarcely notched. Achenes slightly com- 

 pressed, contracted towards the top and then expanded into a minute, cup- 

 shaped, fringed pappus. — Habit of Cotala. 



A small genus, limited to the warmer regions of Asia, Africa, and America. It is usually 

 placed amongst Asteroidece next to BiclirocephaJa, but it appears to me to have much more 

 the style as well as the habit of Cotnla, under which the common species was first described. 



1. G. maderaspatana, Poir.; DC. Prod. v. 373; TFight, Ic. t. 1097. 

 A hairy prostrate branching annual, spreading from a few inches to a foot or 

 more. Leaves 1 to 2 in. long, sinuately pinnatifid and toothed, with obtuse 

 lobes, the dilated petiole clasping the stem. Flower-heads solitary, terminal, 

 at first hemispherical, at length nearly globular, about 4 lines diameter. In- 

 volucre pubescent. Female florets very numerous, the length of the disk, 

 with protruding styles. 



In rice-fields in the Happy Valley, Champion, Wilford, Wright. A common Indian weed, 

 from Ceylon and the Peninsula to the Archipelago, and northwards to the Philippines and 

 S. China. 



28. COTULA, Linn. 



Flower-heads heterogamous. Florets of the circumference female, in one 

 or several rows, either apetalous or with a very minute corolla round the base 

 of the style. Disk-florets hermaphrodite or male, 4-toothed. Involucral 

 bracts nearly equal, in 1 or very few rows. Eeceptacle flat or slightly con- 

 vex, naked. Style of the disk-florets entire or with truncate or obtuse 

 branches. Achenes oblong or obovate, flattened. Pappus none. — Leaves 

 alternate, mostly pinnatifld. 



A small genus, spread over the Old "World, with a very few species from extratropical S. 

 America, Australia, or New Zealand. The Hongkong species belongs to the section Fleio- 

 gyne, distinguished by the more numerous female florets and the bordered or winged achenes. 



1. C. anthemoides, Linn.; BC. Prod. vi. 78. A prostrate, branching, 

 loosely hairy or nearly glabrous annual, from 2 or 3 in. to near 1 foot long. 

 Leaves deeply pinnatifid, with linear lobes mostly toothed or again pinnatifid ; 

 the lobes and teeth mucronate. Flower-heads solitary, terminal, hemispheri- 

 cal, scarcely above 2 lines diameter. Inner involucral bracts scarious on tlie^ 

 edges. Female florets very numerous : their styles the length of the disk, 

 either without any corolla or with a very minute irregiUar one at their base. 



