CICHORIACEAE. 



379 



Pappus none ; rays blue or sometimes white. 

 Pappus present ; rays yellow. 

 Pappus-bristles simple. 



Acaulescent scapose herbs, with solitary flower heads. 

 Leafy-stemmed herbs with several or many flowers. 

 Achenes beakless. 

 Aehenes beaked or pointed. 

 Achenes 10-many-ribbed. 

 Achenes 4-5-ribbed. 

 Pappus-bristles plumose. 



1. Cichorium. 



2. LcoHtoduti. 



3. Cnijis. 



4. Son eh us. 



5. Keichardiu. 

 G. Urosptrtnum. 



1. CICHORIUM [Tourn.] L. 

 Erect, branching herbs, with alternate and basal leaves, those of the 

 stem and branches usually small and bract-like, and large heads of blue, purple 

 or white flowers, peduncled or in sessile clusters. Involucre of 2 series of 

 herbaceous bracts, the outer somewhat spreading, the inner erect, subtending 

 the outer achenes. Receptacle flat. Eays truncate and 5-toothed at the apex. 

 Anthers sagittate at the base. Style-branches slender, obtusish. Achenes 5- 

 angled or 5-ribbed, truncate, not beaked. Pappus of 2 or 3 series of short 

 blunt scales. [From the Arabic name.] About 8 species, natives of the Old 

 World, the following typical. 



1. Cichorium Intybus L. Chicory. 

 Wild Succory, Blue Sailors. (Fig. 

 410,) Perennial from a long deep tap-root; 

 stems slightly hispid, stiff, much branched, 

 l°-3° high. Basal leaves spreading on the 

 ground, runcinate-pinnatifid, spatulate in 

 outline, 3'-6' long, narrowed into long peti- 

 oles; upper leaves much smaller, lanceolate 

 or oblong, lobed or entire, clasping and 

 auricled at the base; heads numerous, I'-lV 

 broad, 1-4 together in sessile clusters on 

 the nearly naked or bracted branches; inner 

 bracts of the involucre about 8. The 

 ground-up root is used as a substitute or 

 adulterant for coffee, July-Oct. 



Common in waste and cultivated grounds, 

 and along roads. Naturalized. Native of 

 Europe. Widely naturalized in North America. 

 Flowers nearly throughout the year. 



2. LEONTODON L. 

 Perennial acaulescent herbs, with basal tufted pinnatifid or sinuate- 

 dentate leaves, and large heads of yellow flowers, solitary, or very rarely 2 or 

 3 together at the ends of naked hollow scapes. Involucre oblong or cam- 

 panulate, its inner bracts in 1 series, nearly equal, slightly united at the base, 

 the outer of several series of shorter somewhat spreading ones, often reflexed 

 at maturity. Receptacle flat, naked. Rays truncate and 5-toothed at the 

 summit. Anthers sagittate at the base. Style-branches slender, obtusish. 

 Achenes oblong or linear-fusiform, 4-5-angled, 5-10-nerved, roughened or 

 spinulose, at least above, tapering into a very slender beak. Pappus of 

 numerous filiform unequal simple persistent bristles. [Greek, lion 's-tooth.] 

 About 20 species, natives of the northern hemisphere and southern South 

 America, the following typical. 



