408 CARDUACEAE. 



rounded often dark-margined bracts, the rays l'-2' long. [Zinnia elegans 

 Jacq.] 



Gazania splendens Hort., Elegant Gazaxia, South African, a low per- 

 ennial, with narrowly spatulate, obtuse leaves 2'-4' long, green above, bright 

 white beneath, and solitary heads on long peduncles, the orange rays about 1' 

 long, has been grown in flower-gardens. The plant is supposed to be of 

 hybrid origin. 



Gerbera Jamesoni Bolus, ''Tommy Atkins," South African, one of the 

 most striking plants of this family when in bloom, is a perennial tomentose 

 herb, with basal long-petioled deeply pinnatifid leaves 1° long or more, the 

 scapes about as long as the leaves, bearing solitary heads, the scarlet or 

 orange, linear rays about li' long, the white pappus of many roughish bristles; 

 it is grown in flower-gardens, 



Cynara cardunculus L., Cardoon, of the Mediterranean region, a white- 

 woolly herb 2°-4° tall, with pinnatifid, often spiny leaves, and large heads of 

 purple flowers, the involucre of numerous ovate spine-tipped bracts, the 

 pappus plumose, is occasionally grown in gardens. 



Cynara Scolymus L., Globe Artichoke, sometimes grown for its edible 

 flower-heads, is similar to C. Cardunculus, but the involucral bracts are blunt 

 or einarginate ; its home is unknown, and it is supposed to have been derived 

 from the Cardoon in cultivation. 



Stokesia laevis (Hill) Greene, Stokesia, of the southeastern United 

 States, perennial, with simple or branched stems about 1^° high, woolly above, 

 alternate, oblong to lanceolate, thick nearly glabrous leaves spinulose-toothed 

 toward the base, and large heads of purplish-blue flowers, the rays about 1' 

 long, the involucral bracts spinulose on the margins, was in cultivation at 

 Spring Valley in 1914. [CartJiamus laevis Hill; S. cyanea L'Her.] 



Cosmos sulphureus Cav., Yellow Cosmos, Mexican, a glabrous branched 

 annual, about 2° high, with pinnatisect leaves and long-peduncled heads, the 

 outer involucre-bracts linear-lanceolate, much shorter than the oblong inner 

 ones, the rays bright yellow, about 1' long, the linear rough long-beaked 

 achenes tipped by spreading, nearly filiform awns, is grown in flower-gardens. 



Cosmos bipinnatus Cav., White or Pink Cosmos, also Mexican, common 

 in flower-gardens, is annual, up to 6° high, with a glabrous branched stem, 

 pinnatisect leaves with very narrowly linear segments, and long-peduncled 

 heads, the outer involucral bracts lanceolate, long-acuminate, the rays white, 

 pink, or sometimes crimson, the narrow achenes short-beaked. 



Helichrysum bracteatum (Vent.) Willd., Everlasting, Australian, grown 

 in flower-gardens, is a glabrous annual 2°-3° high, with narrowly oblong- 

 lanceolate entire leaves 3'-5' long, and several large heads, the many papery 

 shining lanceolate bracts of the involucre 5"-8" long, yellow, white or red, the 

 flowers yellow. [Xeraniliemunn bracteatum Willd.] 



Carthamus tinctorius L., Safflower, False Saffron, Asiatic, grown for 

 coloring and flavoring soups, and yielding a dye, is a glabrous annual, about 

 4° high, with sessile ovate veiny spinulose-serrate leaves l'-2Y long, and 

 large terminal heads of orange tubular flowers, the oblong achenes devoid of 

 pappus. 



Calendula officinalis L., Calendula, Pot Marigold, European, common 

 in flower-gardens, both in single and double-flowered races, is a pubescent 

 branched annual, with oblong or lanceolate, sessile clasping acute entire 

 leaves and peduncled heads of yellow or orange flowers, the involucre of nar- 

 rowly lanceolate acuminate bracts in 1 or 2 series, the rays V long or less, the 

 rough achenes incurved, without pappus. 



Gynura aurantiaca (Blume) DC, Velvet Plant, Javanese, grown for 

 ornament, is a branching pubescent herb about 3° tall, with alternate ovate 

 purple, toothed or lyrate-pinnatifid leaves 2'-5' long, and loosely clustered heads 

 of yellow or orange flowers. [Cacalia aurantiaca Blume.] 



