CONTENTS 



CHAP. PAOB 



I. INTRODUCTION 1 



II. OX SUPPOSED METHODS OF EVOLUTION AND THE HEREDITY 



OK ACQUIRED CHARACTERS 9 



III. ECOLOGY AND ITS IMPORTANCE ...... 23 



IV. ILLUSTRATIVE PROOFS OF EVOLUTION BY DIRECT ADAPTA- 



TION, WITH HEREDITY OF ACQUIRED CHARACTERS : THE 



STRUCTURE OF STEMS, SPINES, AND AQUATIC LEAVES . 29 



V. ILLUSTRATIVE PROOFS OF EVOLUTION BY DIRECT ADAPTA- 

 TION, WITH HEREDITY OF ACQUIRED CHARACTERS I 

 CLIMBING PLANTS ........ 38 



VI. ILLUSTRATIVE PROOFS OF EVOLUTION BY DIRECT ADAPTA- 

 TION, WITH HEREDITY OF ACQUIRED CHARACTERS : 



SUCCULENT PLANTS ... ... 60 



VII. ILLUSTRATIVE PROOFS OF EVOLUTION BY DIRECT ADAPTA- 

 TION, WITH HEREDITY OF ACQUIRED CHARACTERS : 



EPIPHYTES, PARASITES AND SAPROPHYTES ... 56 



VIII. ILLUSTRATIVE PROOFS OF EVOLUTION BY DIRECT ADAPTA- 

 TION, WITH HEREDITY OF ACQUIRED CHARACTERS : 



ALPINE AND ARCTIC PLANTS 75 



IX. ILLUSTRATIVE PROOFS OF EVOLUTION BY DIRECT ADAPTA- 

 TION, WITH HEREDITY OF ACQUIRED CHARACTERS : 

 SWOLLEN ROOTS AND TUBEROUS STRUCTURES ... 79 



X. ILLUSTRATIVE PROOFS OF EVOLUTION BY DIRECT ADAPTA- 

 TION, WITH HEREDITY OF ACQUIRED CHARACTERS I 



DEGENERATION 83 



XI. ILLUSTRATIVE PROOFS OF EVOLUTION BY DIRECT ADAPTA- 

 TION, WITH HEREDITY OF ACQUIRED CHARACTERS C THE 



ORIGIN OF MONOCOTYLEDONS ...... 90 



INDEX . . 105 



