INDEX 



ACQUIRED characters, 7; explained, 

 9 ; in animals (note), 9 



Adaptation, Costantin on, 4 ; 

 with heredity, 5 ; based on 

 induction and experiment, 5ff. ; 

 direct, accepted by Darwin, 6 ; 

 a proved fact, 8 ; of saprophytes, 

 68 ; of parasites, 74 



^Ecidium berberidis, origin of para- 

 sitism of, 60 



Alpine and Arctic plants, 75ff. ; 

 hereditary characters of, 76 ; 

 Costantin on, 76 ; Bonnier and 

 Flahault on, 76 ; summary of, 77 



Annuals, changed to biennials, 81 



Araucaria, hard wood of, 

 hereditary, 30 



BAD NAUHEIM, wild plants affected 



by salt at, 51, 52 

 Birth-variations, 2 



CLXMATIB, sensitive petiole of, 40 

 Climbing plants, 38fF. ; origin of, 



44 ; stem of, normal at first, 45 

 Conditions of life, direct action 



of, 1-4 

 Convolvulus, climbing species, 38 ; 



non-climbing, 44 

 Cyrilla, 37 ; and Proserpinaca, 



foliage of, not hereditary, 37 



DARWIN, his alternative to natural 

 selection, 1 ; an ecologist in 

 1876, 8 ; his letter to Wagner, 8; 

 a refutation of natural selection, 

 26 ; on transitional structures, 

 49 ; his theory unsupported, 4 



Definite variations, as acquired 

 characters, 3 



Degeneration, 83ff. ; spinescent 



characters of xerophytes, 



hereditary, 85, 86 ; floral, 87 ; 



of monocotyledonous stems, 98ff. 

 Depauperation in terrestrial plants, 



86 ; of aquatic plants, 87 ; causes 



of, 88 

 Destruction, natural cause of, 



among plants, 16, 17 

 Dicotyledons, monocotyledonous, 



95 

 Direct action of the conditions of 



life, 1-4 ; on the soma, 6 ; affects 



the subsequent reproductive 



organs, 10 



EBERHARDT'S experiments with 



woody stems, 31 

 Ecologists accept Darwin's alter- 



native, 12 

 Ecology, its importance, 23 ; pro- 



cedure of study, 24 ; discovery 



of adaptation by response as a 



natural law, 25 



Environment, the influence of, 21 

 Epiphytes, adaptations of, 56, 57 ; 



types and distribution of, 57, 58 ; 



due to response, 59 

 Euphrasieee, lost the power of 



photosynthesis, 71, 72 

 Evolution, description of process, 



6, 6 ; Mr Reid and theories of, 



11 ; the true and only method 



of, 18 

 Experimental verification, 5 ; by 



Nature, 26 



, as a saprophyte, 



70 



HEREDITY, conditions for, of 



105 



