208 HISTORY OF THE HUMAN BODY 



tinuation, which takes the series into the cervical region, is 

 formed of slips that arise from the upper ribs and insert on the 

 transverse processes of the lower cervical vertebrae, the 

 cervicalis ascendens. As these three muscles, the names of 

 which have come down to us from premorphological times, are 

 clearly portions of a single series, they are best referred to 

 under the name of ilio-costalis, the three portions being dis- 

 tinguished respectively as ilio-costalis lumborum, ilio-costalis 

 dorsi and ilio-costalis cervicis. [BNA.] 



The inner series, posteriorly blended with the former, ascends 

 along the lumbar and lower thoracic regions under the name of 

 longissimus dorsi, and is reinforced anteriorly by the -trans- 

 versalis colli and the trachelo-mastoid, the latter inserting on 

 the mastoid process of the skull. In placing the nomenclature 

 on a morphological basis the series may retain the name of its 

 most important member, the longissimus, the parts of which 

 are longissimus dorsi, longissimus cervicis and longissimus 

 capitis. [BNA.] 



In tabular form the parts of this system with their synonyms 

 are as follows : 



Sacro-transverso-transversalis System. 



OUTER SERIES. 



ilio-costalis lumborum (sacro-lumbalis) 

 ilio-costalis dorsi (accessories ad sacro-lumbalem) 

 ilio-costalis cervicis (cervicalis ascendens} 



INNER SERIES. 



longissimus dorsi 



longissimus cervicis (transversalis colli s. cervicis} 

 longissimus capitis (trachelo-mastoideus. s. complexus 

 minor} 



III. SPINO-SPINALIS SYSTEM. This is a single series lying 

 beneath the preceding close to the median line and consisting of 

 slips that arise from more posterior spinous processes and insert 

 on more anterior ones, skipping at least one vertebra between 

 origin and insertion. This series is, like the two preceding, 

 an interrupted one, and is divided into two constant portions, 

 Spinalis dorsi and spinalis cervicis. A few origins from 



