568 



INDEX 



serous cavities, 318 



serpents, 285 



sesamoid bones, 178 



sex determination, 403 



sexes, definition of, 49 



sexual homologies, 393, 394, 404, 



405 



sexual kidney, 382, 383, 385 

 sharks, 388 

 sheep, 276 

 shoulder-girdle, 172-175; of Amni- 



ota, 174, 175 ; of amphibians, 



174 ; of ganoids, 173 ; of teleosts, 



174; of selachians, 173 

 shrew-mouse, 92 

 sigmoid flexure, 298 

 Simplicidentata, 37 

 sinuses, in bones of face, 482 

 sinus maxillaris, 482 

 sinusoids, 318 



sinus utriculi posterior, 487 

 sinus utriculi superior, 487 

 sinus venosus, 324, 326, 340, 341, 



353-357 



Siren, 165, 246, 442, 471 

 Sirenia, 38, 39, 98, 113, 117, 316, 



393 



skates, 453 



skeletal elements abdominal ribs, 

 141 ; acoelous vertebrae, 131 ; ali- 

 sphenoids, 148; alveoli of jaws, 

 273 ; amphicoelous vertebrae, 127 ; 

 angulare, 156; appendicular skel- 

 eton, 122; appendicular skeleton, 

 162 ff. ; archisternum, 138 ; artic- 

 ulare, 159, 495 ; arytasnoids, 160, 

 313 ; atlas, 133 ; auditory ossicles, 

 159 ; auricula, 496, 497 ; axial skele- 

 ton, 122; axis, 133; basihyal, 160, 

 284; basioccipital, 150; basiptery- 

 gium, 169, 175 ; basisphenoid, 

 150; bone complexes of skull, 

 151; bony labyrinth, 492; bran- 

 chial arches, 152, 155 ; carpus, 177- 

 181 ; cartilage bones, 148; carti- 

 lago lateralis, 160; centers of os- 

 sification, 148; centrum of verte- 

 bra, 127 ; ceratohyal, 160, 284 ; 

 cervical rib, 138; cervical verte- 

 brae, 130; chondrocranium, 145, 

 146, 153, 156; clavicle, 173-175; 

 cleithrum, 173; coccyx, 135; col- 



skeletal elements (Continued) 

 umella auris, 494; conchas of 

 nose, 480-482; coracoid, 174; cos- 

 tal cartilages, 136; cricoid, 314; 

 dentary, 156; dentine, 79; der- 

 mal bones, 79, 82, 146, 147, 156; 

 dermal bones of skull, 82, 146, 

 147, 156; diapophyses, 138; dor- 

 sal vertebrae (see thoracic verte- 

 brae) ; ear, external, 496, 497; 

 ectoturbinalia, 480; endochondral 

 ossification, 148 ; endoturbinalia, 

 480 ; entoglossum, 283-285 ; epi- 

 glottis, 160, 313; epihyal, 160, 

 284; epiotics, 148; episternum, 

 141 ; ethmoid, 148 ; ethmo-turbi- 

 nal, 479, 480; exoccipitals, 148; 

 external ear, 496, 497; eyeball, 

 skeleton, elements of, 144, 145, 

 151; eye capsules, 145;' falci- 

 forme, 182; fangs of serpents, 

 280; fin spines, 162; free-limb, 

 skeleton of, 176-178; frontals, 

 82, 83, 147; furcula, 174; 

 ganoid scales, 81 ; gill arches, 

 312-314; haemal arches, 126; 

 hard palate, 270, 271, 479; hip- 

 girdle, 128; hyobranchial appa- 

 ratus, 283; hyobranchial complex, 

 160, 283; hyoid, 160, 161 ; hyoid 

 apparatus, 160, 283; hyoid arch, 

 155. J 57; hyoid bone, 314; hyoid 

 complex, 314; hyomandibular, 



155, 157; ilia, 171; ilium, 128; 

 incus, 159, 450, 495; inferior tur- 

 binated bone (see maxillo-turbi- 

 nal) ; interclavicle, 141, 174; 

 ischia, 172; Jacobson's cartilage, 

 483; -jaws, origin of, 153, 154; 

 labial cartilages, 153, 155 ; laby- 

 rinth, bony, 492; lacrimal, 83, 

 147; lateral cartilages of larynx, 

 160; limb-girdles, 128; lumbar 

 vertebrae, 130; malleus, 159, 450, 

 495 ; mandibular cartilage, 153, 



156, 157; maxillaries, 83, 156; 

 maxillo-turbinal, 479-481; Meek- 

 el's cartilage, 156, 159; meso- 

 pterygium, 176, 185-187; meta- 

 pterygium, 176, 185-187; nasal 

 capsules, 145; nasals, 82, 147; 

 naso-turbinal, 479, 480; neo- 



