52 HARDY ORNAMENTAL 



compact tree, of neat and regular outline, with dark-green 

 shining leaves, and deep-red berries about the same size 

 as those of the common species. 



C. CRUS-GALLI. Cockspur Thorn. North America, 

 1691. This has large and showy white flowers that are 

 succeeded by deep-red berries. It is readily distinguished 

 by the long, curved spines with which the whole tree* 

 is beset. Of this species there are numerous worthy 

 forms, including C. Crus-galli Carriere, which opens at 

 first white, and then turns a showy flesh colour ; C. Crus- 

 galli linearis, C. Crus-galli splendens, C. Crus-galli pruni- 

 folia, C. Crus-galli pyracanthifolia, and C. Crus-galli 

 salicifolia, all forms of great beauty whether for their 

 foliage, or showy and usually plentifully-produced flowers. 



C. DOUGLASII. North America, 1827. This is peculiar 

 in having dark purple or almost black fruit. It is of stout 

 growth, often reaching to 20 feet in height, with rigid 

 spines, and belongs to the early-flowering section. The 

 flowers are white, and produced in May. 



C. NIGRA (syn C. carpatica). Eastern Europe, 1819. A 

 tree 20 feet high, with stout branches, and downy, spine- 

 less shoots. Leaves large, ovate-acute, deeply incised, 

 glossy green above and downy beneath. Flowers large 

 and fragrant, pure white, and produced in close heads in 

 June. Fruit large, oval, downy, and yellowish-black when 

 fully ripe. This species must not be confused with a variety 

 of our common Thorn bearing a similar name. 



C. OXYACANTHA. Common Hawthorn. This is, perhaps, 

 the most ornamental species in cultivation, and certainly 

 the commonest. The common wild species needs no 

 description, the fragrant flowers, varying in colour from 

 pure white to pink, being produced in the richest pro- 

 fusion. Under cultivation, however, it has produced some 

 very distinct and desirable forms, far superior to the 

 parent, including amongst others those with double-white, 

 pink, and scarlet flowers. 



