240 NORTHERN ORNITHOLOGISTS. 



2 vols. Lund, 1835; " Danmarks Fugle," by N. Kjaerbolling, 

 1852; as also that I have derived much assistance from the 

 writings of several other ornithologists ; amongst the rest 

 Professor C. S. Sundevall, M. von Wright, M. Malm, and 

 more especially from those of the Rev. C. U. Ekstrom, who 

 is not only a naturalist of the highest order, but an ardent 

 sportsman; and who, from having seen with his own eyes 

 much of what he relates, gives us information that is doubly 

 valuable. 



In the pictorial way the reader is referred to Nilsson's 

 " Illuminerade Figurer till Skandinaviens Fauna," 1832, a 

 work of the highest merit, but unfortunately incomplete ; to 

 Korner's " Skandinaviska Foglar," 1839-46, in which, to my 

 mind, the birds, as a whole, are much more truly depicted 

 than in any work of the kind extant in England; and to 

 Kjserbolling's " Ornithologia Danica," 1851. 



That I may have fallen into error in many instances is very 

 probable. Even in following where great authorities lead 

 and I here speak of naturalists of all countries one is very 

 apt to go astray ; for to carry out particular crotchets of their 

 own mare's nests as they often prove they frequently put 

 people wrong. If naturalists would confine themselves to 

 telling us what they really do know and the extent of their 

 information is no doubt very great instead of so roundly 

 asserting in the one edition of their works, that which is 

 merely guess work, and which they are too frequently 

 obliged to expunge in the next, simple-minded people like 

 myself would get on very much better. Almost every pro- 

 fessed naturalist of the present day thinks it needful to have 

 a handle to his name, or to help his friend to one; and 

 the very same animal is in consequence needlessly cut up 



