300 THE WARBLERS. 



up as Drontheim in Norway, and on the borders of the 

 province of Helsingland in Sweden. Migrates. 



" This bird resorts in preference/' Nilsson tells us, " to 

 groves, gardens, outskirts of wood, or such places in which 

 there are deciduous trees ; but in the midst of deep and thick 

 woods one seldom finds it. In disposition it is in the highest 

 degree gay and sprightly. Its song, which commonly pro- 

 ceeds from a close, thickly-leafed tree-top, or a bush, is 

 very varying and melodious, and has given rise to its name 

 of Bastard-Nightingale. If one approaches its nest or young, 

 the old birds fly uneasily and angrily about, with a harsh, 

 tack, tack, tack, tack ; and when worked up into a climax, 

 they cry tack-tachaJiyo , tackahyo-hy" 



The Gran-Sdngare, or Spruce-pine Warbler (S. abietina, 

 Nilss. ; S. rufa, Lath., fidd Nilss. ; Ficedula rufa, Koch, 

 fide, Kjserb.), was only seen with us, I believe, during spring 

 and autumn. It passes the summer months in the more 

 northern parts of Scandinavia ; but does not seem to be found 

 within the polar circle. Migrates. 



M. Malm says this bird is identical with our chiff-chaff ; 

 but as, on the contrary, some seem to imagine it identical 

 with the Gul-brostad Sangare, I deem it best to retain the 

 Swedish name, and to leave the learned to settle the matter 

 amongst themselves. 



In addition to the warblers enumerated, belonging to 

 Scandinavia, four other species, according to Kjeerbolling, 

 pertain to the Danish fauna, namely the Sylvia Turdoides, 

 Mey. ; the S. aquatica, Lath. ; the S. Cariceti, Naum. ; and 

 the S. locustella, Penn., all found in the Duchies of Schleswig 

 and Holstein, and the third in number, besides, in one in- 

 stance, near Copenhagen. 



