viii SCIENCE FROM AN EASY CHAIR 



CHAPTER PAGE 



VIII. FERNS THE ANCESTORS OF FLOWERS . . .107 



Chemical Attraction Transition from Ferns to Flowers 

 The Gingko Tree and Cycads Extinct Seed-pro- 

 ducing Ferns. 



IX. ELEPHANTS 119 



The Indian and the African Elephant Size of Modern 

 Elephants Ears and Teeth of Elephants Earliest 

 Elephants brought to Europe The Elephant's Legs 

 Tusks used in Digging Elephants used in War 

 Geological Strata since the Chalk Ancestral Mam- 

 mals The Typical or Ancestral Set of Teeth The 

 Peculiarities of the Teeth of Elephants Extinct 

 Relatives of Elephants Ancestors of Elephants 

 Origin of the Elephant's Trunk. 



X. A STRANGE EXTINCT BEAST 148 



Fossil Skeletons and Jaw-bones The Skull and Teeth 

 of Goats The Teeth of Rats The Rat-toothed 

 Goat Origin of the Rat-toothed Goat. 



XI. VEGETARIANS AND THEIR TEETH . . . .159 



Teeth of Carnivors Mixed Diets Disease-germs in 

 Food. 



XII. FOOD AND COOKERY 170 



Special Diet of Various Races Food and Habit 

 Nervous Control of Digestion Wholesale Food and 

 Mechanical Cookery The Burnt Offering of the 

 Jews Women Neglect Cookery A Great German's 

 Appreciation. 



XIII. SMELLS AND PERFUMES . . . . . .184 



Smells and Memory Accidental Qualities Bacteria 

 and Smells Some Remarkable Smells. 



XIV. KISSES 193 



Kissing and Smelling Variations in the Sense of 

 Smell Radiation and Odours Attraction by Smell 

 Unconscious Guidance by Smell. 



XV. LAUGHTER . . 204 



Why do we Laugh ? Varieties of Laughter The 

 Laugh of Escape from Death The Laugh of 

 Derision. 



XVI. FATHERLESS FROGS 213 



Fertilisation of the Egg-cell Egg-cells Developing Un- 

 fertilised M. Bataillon's Discovery. 



