200 KISSES 



individuals of their own herd or troop, and in finding their 

 own young and their own nests. 



(4) In seeking individuals of the opposite sex at the 

 breeding season. 



It is in connection with the last of these services that 

 we come across some of the most curious observations as 

 to the production and perception of odorous particles. 

 Butterflies and moths and some other insects have olfactory 

 organs in the ends of the antennae and the " palps " about 

 the mouth. The perfumes of flowers have been developed so 

 as to attract insects by the sense of smell, as their colours 

 also have been developed to attract insects by the eye. 

 The insects serve the flowers by carrying the fertilising 

 pollen from one flower to another, and thus promoting 

 cross-fertilisation among separate individual plants of the 

 same species. But probably concurrently with this has 

 grown up the production of perfume by the scales on the 

 wings of moths and butterflies perfumes which have the 

 most powerful attraction for the opposite sex of the same 

 species. Curiously enough (for these perfumes might very 

 well exist without being detected by man) some of the per- 

 fumes produced by butterflies are " smellable " by man. 

 That of the green-veined white is described as resembling 

 the agreeable odour of the lemon verbena. It is produced 

 by certain scales on the front border of the hinder wings 

 of the male insects, and not at all by the females, who are, 

 however, attracted by it, and flutter around the sweet- 

 smelling male. Other male butterflies produce a scent 

 like that of sweet briar, others like honeysuckle, others like 

 jasmine, and so attract the females. Other butterflies are 

 known which produce repulsive odours, and so protect 

 themselves from being eaten by birds and lizards. Again, 

 there are moths (for instance, the emperor moth, Saturnia), 

 the females of which produce a perfume which attracts the 

 males, and is of far-reaching power. The French ento- 



