156 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF [LECT. 



simpler ones lingered long. Moreover, there are some 

 reasons to believe that pierced stone axes are^ charac- 

 teristic of the early metallic period. 



9. Hand-made pottery is abundant in the shell- 

 mounds and the lake-villages, as well as in the tumuli 

 which appear to belong to the Stone Age. No con- 

 clusive evidence that the potter's wheel was yet in use 

 has been discovered. 



10. The animals characteristic of the Palaeolithic 

 period have disappeared. Even the reindeer has re- 

 treated from Central Europe. 



11. The dog is the only domestic animal found in the 

 shell-mounds ; but remains of the ox, sheep, goat, and 

 pig appear in the lake-villages. There is some doubt 

 about the horse ; and the barn-door fowl, as well as the 

 cat, was unknown. 



12. The presence of corn-crushers, as well as of 

 carbonised wheat, barley, and flax, in the Swiss lake- 

 dwellings, proves that agriculture was already pursued 

 with success in Central Europe. Oats, rye, and hemp 

 were unknown. 



13. Tissues of woven flax have been found in some of 

 the Swiss lake-villages. 



14. At least two forms of skull, one long and one 

 round, are found in the tumuli which appear to belong 

 to this period. Until now, however, we have not a 

 single human skull from the Danish shell-mounds, nor 

 from any Swiss lake-dwelling, which can be referred with 

 certainty to this period. 



