TORRES ii 



Torquemada. It was only in 1876 that the text of QUIROS' VOYAGE 

 was given to the world by JUSTO ZARAGOZA, whereupon clouds of 

 tradition and misconception were dispelled. Practically the 

 whole of the Quiros documents have been skilfully marshalled by 

 the late SIR CLEMENTS MARKHAM for the Hakluyt Society in the 

 two volumes published in 1904. The chief items in the Quiros- 

 Torres bibliography are enumerated in the footnote. 1 



On leaving Callao, the expedition steered WSW. into 26 south 

 latitude, somewhere in the vicinity of Easter Island, when, from 

 considerations of the lateness of the season and other reasons, 

 Quiros turned his ships towards WNW. His original intention 

 had clearly been to go much further south, as may be seen from the 

 text of his directions to Torres : 



" You are to be very diligent, both by day and night, in following the ' Capitano ' 

 ship, which will shape a WSW. course until the latitude of 30 is reached, and when 

 that is reached, and no land has been seen, the course will be altered to NW. until 

 the latitude of 10 15' ; and if no land has yet been found, a course will be followed 

 on that parallel to the west in search of the Island of Santa Cruz. There a port will 

 be sought in the bay of Graciosa, in 10 of latitude and 1,850 leagues from the city 

 of The Kings [Lima] to the South of a great and lofty volcano standing alone in the 

 sea, about 8 leagues from the said bay. The Captain who arrives first in this Port, 

 whu h is at the head of the Bay, between a spring of water and a moderate-sized river, 



1 Historia del Descubrimiento de las Regiones Austriales hecho por el General Pedro 

 Fernandez de Quiros, publicado per Don Justo Zaragoza, 3 vols. Madrid, 1876. This 

 document was written by Quiros' Secretary Luis de Belmonte Bermudez, and signed by 

 Quiros for authentication. (English translation by Markham, 1904.) 



The Voyages of Fernandez de Quiros, 1595-1606, translated and edited by Sir Clements 

 Markham, 2 vols., 1904. Hakluyt Society. 



True Account of the Voyage that the Captain Pedro Fernandez de Quiros made by order 

 of His Majesty to the Southern Unknown Land, by Caspar Gonzalez de Leza, Chief Pilot 

 of the said Fleet (translated by Markham, 1904). Corroborates Bermudez. The 

 author confines himself to facts, courses and latitudes, and ignores the insubordination 

 or mutiny. 



Torquemada's Voyage of Quiros, Seville, 1615 (translated by Markham, 1904). A 

 sketchy account compiled from the documents available in 1615. 



Torquemada is to Quiros as Hawkesworth to Cook. 



Relation of Luis Vaes de Torres, concerning the Discoveries of Quiros, as his Almirante 

 [Lieutenant]. Manila, July lath, 1607. A copy fell into the hands of Alexander 

 Dalrymple, 1762, and he published the Spanish text in Edinburgh in 1772. Dalrymple 

 afterwards translated the Relation into English, and it was first printed in Burney's 

 Discoveries in the South Seas, 1806. Reproduced by Collingridge and also by Markham. 



Charts of Diego de Prado y Tobar. Sent from Goa in 1613. They are four in 

 number and represent (i) Espiritu Santo, and (2, 3, and 4) Localities in Southern New 

 Guinea, and give the dates of the discoveries. 



Markham observes : " All the maps are signed by Diego de Prado y Tobar, who 

 thus claims to be their author. The Surveys were no doubt made by Torres himself 

 or by his Chief Pilot Fuentiduenas. Prado y Tobar may have been the draughtsman." 

 The charts were discovered about 1878, and were reproduced by Collingridge and 

 Markham. 



Two letters to the King sent by de Prado 24th and 25th December, 1613, enclosing 

 the above charts, and also a general chart of Torres' Discoveries (which has not been 

 found). Printed by Collingridge and Markham. 



The Arias Memorial (1614-1621). 



A V ay age to Terra Australis in the Years 1801, 1802 and 1803 in His Majesty's Ship 

 the " Investigator," by Matthew Flinders, R.N., 2 vols, fcp. London, 1914, vol. i., pp.vii, 

 x, xi. 



See also, The Discovery of Australia before 1770, by George Collingridge, 4to. Sydney, 

 1895. The First Discovery of Australia and New Guinea, by George Collingridge. Sydney, 

 1906. The Part borne by the Dutch in the Discovery of Australis, by J. E. Heeres, LL.D. 

 Leiden and London, 1899. Life of Tasman, by J. E. Heeres, fol. London, 1898. 



