VOYAGE OF THE "PERA" AND " AERNEM " 53 



R. L. J.], and I personally landed, with the skipper, and, as before, saw many 

 footprints of men and tracks of dogs (going southwards). High duny land, with reefs 

 in front of the sandy beach. When we were pulling back to the ship, the savages 

 showed themselves, with their weapons ; whereupon we landed again and threw them 

 some pieces of iron, which they picked up, refusing, however, to come to parley with 

 us ; after which we re-embarked. [Apparently the ' Per a ' lay at anchor in 12 5' S. 

 from noon of the loth till the following morning. R. L. J.] 



" In the morning of the nth, the wind ESE., good weather; thereupon set sail, 

 course NNE., along the land, and in the afternoon passed a LARGE INLET (which the 

 men of the ' Duyfken,' in the year 1606, went into with the boat, and one man was 

 killed by the missiles of the savages) and which lies in 1 1 48', and is by us, in the new 

 chart, entitled the REVIER DE CARPENTIER. [Although it is not distinctly stated, it 

 is evident that the anchor was dropped here for the night. R. L. J.] 



" In the morning of the I2th, the wind ESE., lovely weather, and here I personally 

 rowed, with the skipper, to the shore, on which stood many NATIVES, quite 200 of them, 

 making a violent noise and with their ARROWS (pijlen) ready to throw, and evidently 

 very distrustful, for, though pieces of iron and other things were thrown to them, 

 they would not stop to parley, but tried every trick with the object of wounding and 

 capturing one of our men. This compelled us to fire one or two shots to frighten them, 

 one of them being hit in the breast and carried to the boat, while all the others retired 

 into the sand dunes. In their wretched huts on the beach we found nothing but a 

 four-edged assegai, two or three little stones, and some human bones, with which 

 they make and scrape their weapons. We also found a quantity of resin and a piece 

 of metal, which the wounded man had in his net, and which had probably been got 

 from the ' Duyf ken's ' men. At last, there being nothing more to be done here, we 

 turned back to go aboard the ship, the wounded man dying on the way." 



[EDITORIAL NOTE. We are now confronted with the most 

 difficult problem raised by the narrative of the " Pera's " 

 eventful voyage, viz., the identification of the " reviers " Batavia 

 and Carpentier. 



It will be readily conceded that the diary for nth May, 1623, 

 proves that the navigators of the " Per a " were familiar with the 

 charts of the " Duyjken" which were undoubtedly then extant. 

 They probably carried copies with them, and would naturally 

 make them their daily study. 



Our difficulties begin with the discovery of the " Chart by the 

 Upper Steersman Arend Martensz(oon) DE LEEUW, who took part 

 in the Voyage," in the State archives at the Hague. The chart 

 has no date, but it may be taken for granted that it was compiled 

 prior to 1630, since in that year, Kepler and Eekerbrecht's map 

 followed de Leeuw's in naming the Carpentier Revier the Batavia. 

 It is not stated to what voyage reference is made in the title of 

 de Leeuw's chart, but there can be no doubt that the " Pera's " 

 voyage is indicated. The chart is reproduced in Remarkable 

 Maps, II, 5, and (on a reduced scale) by Heeres (p. 46). 



I offer the following as a fair and unbiassed paraphrase of the 

 diary of nth May, 1623 : 



" In the morning of the nth, we left the anchorage at 12 5', 

 and, with good weather and a favourable wind (ESE.), sailed NNE. 

 along the land. Observed the sun at noon and made the latitude 



