632 NORTHMOST AUSTRALIA 



Our course was about due west, and after climbing some low granite ridges we 

 found ourselves on the western fall. [SEE MAP F.] Before we reached the COLEMAN 

 RIVER, the granite country changed to schistose. This river had a fairly wide sandy 

 bed, with very low banks, and water-holes far between and small. After running it 

 down for about 6 miles, about south, we followed it down on a westerly course to 

 a point about 30 miles from the Gulf (approx. 142 8' E.). The river was well denned 

 until we reached this point, but here it began to get very small, the flood waters 

 evidently flowing in all directions over the flat country. (The same thing happens 

 with the other Gulf rivers, the Lukin, Edward, Alice, Mitchell, Staten and Red.) 

 The country bordering the river all the way down was poor, the undulating schistose 

 formation changing to Desert Sandstone and very flat sandy country, chiefly timbered 

 with teatree. 



"Nothing particular happened while we ran the river down, except an occasional 

 brush with the blacks. The BLACKS on the Gulf Coast make very poor provision against 

 the wet season. They either employ bent sheets of messmate bark or arch some 

 sheets of teatree bark over a frame formed by a few bent sticks. Their practice in 

 this respect contrasts strongly with that of the Princess Charlotte Bay natives, who 

 sleep in well-constructed bee-hive gunyahs, designed to protect them from mosquitoes. 

 For this latter purpose the Gulf natives construct a fragile platform, or often two 

 platforms, of sticks forming a sort of two-story sleeping-place without walls. The 

 lower platform is occupied by the gin, whose duty it is to keep up the smoke-generating 

 smouldering fire. The man reposes on the upper platform, reaping the benefit of the 

 smoke but taking no part in the work. 



" Leaving the COLEMAN, we turned NORTH, passing over the same kind of flat sandy 

 teatree country until within a mile and a half of the Edward River, when the country 

 changed to grassy open box flats, with very hard grey soil. 



" The EDWARD RIVER, which I named after my brother Dr. Edward Embley, of 

 Melbourne, was, where we cut it, about 40 yards wide, with low banks, and contained 

 some fairly good rocky water-holes, the rock being Desert Sandstone. It runs from 

 east to west and enters the Gulf, after splitting up, in the low flat sandy teatree country, 

 into several channels, in about 14 45' latitude. 1 We followed it down to the sea 

 and returned to where we first struck it. The box flats border the river on both sides 

 for a considerable distance, but before reaching the head of the river the country 

 becomes poor. The head (approx. 142 30' E.) is on flat country, in a pebbly ironstone- 

 conglomerate formation with very little grass and timbered with quinine bush and 

 teatree. 



" On our way up the river from its mouth, we came across an ironwood tree, 

 marked J (an old mark), on the bank of a small channel. This may have been one 

 of the Jardines' midday camps. 



" It is not uncommon in this region to see a group of small tree-stumps with the 

 roots uppermost, stuck in the middle of a swamp and forming a sort of platform. 

 In the neighbourhood of the Edward River we found the explanation of this singular 

 arrangement. The roots are used for the support of corpses. On one occasion we 

 saw three, each done up in a well-tied covering of folds of teatree bark. Presumably 

 the idea is to protect the relics from dingoes, ants, etc. 



" Continuing north from where we had first struck the Edward, we passed first 

 across box flats and then over a stretch of sandy country until we came within a mile 

 of the LUKIN RIVER, S when grassy box flats were again met with. In the Lukin we 



west, while the branch flowing from the south was permitted to retain the name of 

 Hann. The Morehead being the larger of the two branches, is considered to be the 

 " main " river, and the conjoined Morehead and Hann bears the name of Morehead 

 down to the salt water at the head of Princess Charlotte Bay. Thus it has come about 

 that the river named the Hann by Mulligan bears, and must continue to bear, the de 

 facto name of Morehead, while the name of Hann is borne by a branch which Mulligan 

 never crossed. R. L. J. 



1 About three miles north of the Jardine Brothers' Camp 50 (1864). R. L. J. 



2 So named by Mulligan in 1875, but it had already been named the Holroyd River 

 by the Brothers Jardine in 1864. R. L. J. 



