238 WARFARE BETWEEN DIFFERENT SPECIES 



air and sometimes when it was settled on the 

 topmost branches of a dead tree, and the sounds 

 produced reminded one of the piping of a flock 

 of Oyster- Catchers in flight. 



A battle between a pair of Green Wood- 

 peckers and a Great Spotted Woodpecker is 

 worth mentioning. It occurred on the 24th of 

 April. Passing through the middle of a wood, 

 I noticed a Great Spotted Woodpecker fly out 



ERRATUM 



For " pair of Pied Woodpeckers " 

 read " Great Spotted Woodpecker " 



extended its wings fully and proceeded to peck 

 viciously at its opponent. Whereupon there 

 was a scuffle at the mouth of the hole and 

 the Great Spotted Woodpecker hurriedly left. 

 After this, all was quiet and the Green Wood- 

 pecker eventually descended and entered the 

 hole. The Great Spotted Woodpecker, how- 

 ever, returned again, but, after fluttering around 

 the hole, disappeared, leaving the Green Wood- 

 peckers in possession. 



In this varied field of hostile behavioui 

 which we have explored, one feature stand* 

 out prominently, namely, that the interesl 



