70 



TEXT-BOOK OF ENTOMOLOGY 



In Corydalus (Fig. 29) the palpifer forms a single piece, and the 

 lingua is undivided, though lobed on the free edge. 



In the metabolic orders above the Neuroptera the lingua is vari- 

 ously modified, or specialized, with no vestiges of the lacinia or 



galea, except in that very primitive 

 moth, Eriocephala, in which Walter 

 found a minute free galea, me, and an 

 inner lobe (Figs. 76, 77), the lacinia. 



The hypopharynx. While in its most 

 generalized condition, as in Synaptera, 

 Dermaptera, Orthoptera, and Neurop- 

 tera, this anterior median fold or out- 

 growth of the labium forming the floor 

 of the mouth may retain the designation 

 of ''tongue," lingua, or ligula; in its 

 more specialized form, particularly when 

 used as a piercing or lapping organ, the 

 use of the name hypopharynx seems most 

 desirable. And this is especially the 

 case since, like the epipharynx, it is 

 morphologically a median structure, and 

 while the epipharynx forms the soft, 

 sensitive roof of the mouth, or pharynx ; 



FIG. 66. Second maxillae of Ttr- , -, ,1 i i 



m v w anguxticoiiu : u, the homo- its opposite, the hypopharynx, rises as 



a fold from the floor of the mouth, form- 

 ing in its most generalized condition a specialized fold of the buccal 

 integument. In certain cases, as in the honey-bee, the very long 



li 



sin 



FIG. 66. Second 



maxilla- of PteroiKin-i/x 

 califoniii'ii. 



Kn;. 67. Second maxillic of Mynnehun Fu;. <K Sfc<ni<I 



m-xmi,. inn.\ill;i> <>f M<tn(inj>a 



l>ru>un a. 



slender " tongue " or hypopharynx is evidently, as in the case of 

 the epipharynx, a highly sensitive armature of the mouth. 



