TEXT-BOOK OF ENTOMOLOGY 



and bears on the edge what appear to be numerous taste-hairs, like 

 those on the ends of the maxillary and labial palpi. 



In the adult Panorpidae the 

 lingua is a minute, simple lobe. 



In the larval Trichoptera the 

 spinneret is well developed, and 

 in structure substantially like 

 that of caterpillars, and it is 

 plainly the homologue of the 

 hypopharynx, receiving as it 

 does the end of the silk-duct. 



In the adult Trichoptera the 

 hypopharynx is a very large, 

 tongue-like, fleshy outgrowth, 

 and is, both in situation and 

 structure, since 

 it contains the 

 opening of the 

 silk-duct, exact- 

 ly homologous 

 with the hypo- 



73. A, Inbimn of Znitlia aiiura. , 

 of Z. margineavttata. c, of Gerri* mtj<tx: 

 int, inentuin ; Ip, labial palpi; ng, subgalea ; I, 

 lacinia (=intennaxillare and prtemaxillare of 

 Brulle) ; g, galea. After Loon. 



eph 



pharynx of in- 

 sects of other 



orders, being somewhat inter- 

 mediate between the fleshy 

 tongue or lingua of the man- 

 dibulate insects, especially the 



'-tnd- 



FIG. 74. Section through head of a carabid, Anoplhalmus telkampfii : l>r, brain ; /. g, frontal 

 gang-lion : M>0, robcraophageal ganglion : <;<>, commissuro ; . I, nerve sending branches to the 

 linjrua (/) ; mn, maxillary nerve; mx, 1st maxilla; mm, maxillary muscle; mx', 2d maxilla; 

 mi. muscle of mentum ; le, elevator muscle of the oesophagus; I of the clyptMis. and a third beyond 

 raising the labruin (Ibr) ; eph, epipharynx ; g, g , salivary glands above"; g*, lingual gland below 

 the OMOphagnB (00) ; m, mouth; pv, proventricnlus ; md, mandible. A, section passing through 

 lingual gland ((/*). 



