THE MUSHROOM BODIES 



233 



or lobe arises the mushroom or stalked body. In the middle of the 

 mass is the central body, and directly in front is the procerebral 

 bridge (pip). The latter is a band uniting the two halves of the 

 brain. 



The procerebral lobes also give origin to the nerves to the 

 ocelli (no). 



The mushroom or stalked bodies. These remarkable organs were 

 first discovered by Dujardin, who compared them to mushrooms, and 

 observed that they were more highly developed in ants, wasps, and 



FIG. 250. Transverse section through the brain of the locust (OZdipoda and Caloptenus): 

 c', lower part of the wall of c, calyx; at, stalk of the same; bpcl, bridge of the protocerebral 

 lobes ; mo, nerve of median ocellus ; ch, transverse fascia of the optico-olfactory chiasma ; feb, 

 fibrous region of the central body ; fob, tubercle of the central body ; feh, descending fascia of the 

 optico-olfactory chiasma ; choo, 'superior fascia of the optico-olfactory chiasma ; pt, protocerebral 

 lobes ; Id, dorsal lobe of the deutocerebrum ; It, tritocerebral lobe ; geld, go, ganglion cells. 

 After Viallanes. 



bees than in the lower insects, and thus inferred that the higher 

 intelligence of these insects was in direct relation to the development 

 of these bodies. We will call them the mushroom bodies. 



These two bodies consist of a rounded lobular mass (the trabecula) 

 of the procerebral lobe, from which arises a double stalk (Fig. 253), 

 the larger called the cauliculus, the smaller the peduncle (or pedicel) ; 

 these support the cap or calyx. The calices of the bee were com- 

 pared by Dujardin to a pair of disks on each side of the brain as 

 seen from above, " each disk being folded together and bent down- 

 wards before and behind, its border being thickened, and the inner 



