CMCAL APPENDAGES 347 



LITERATURE ON THE SPINNING GLANDS 



Helm, E. Anatomische und histiologische Darstellung der Spinndriisen der 



Schmetterlingsraupen. (Zeitschr. f. wisseris. Zool., xxvi, 1876, pp. 434- 



469, 2 Taf.) 

 Lidth de Jeude, Th. W. van. Zur Anatomie und Physiologie der Spinndriisen 



drr Seidenraupe. (Zool. Anzeiger, 1878, pp. 100-102.) 



Engelmann, W. Zur Anatomie und Physiologie der Spinndriisen der Seiden- 

 raupe. (Onderz. Phys. Lab. Utrecht, iii, 1880, pp. 115-119.) 

 Joseph, G. Vorlaufige Mitteilung iiber Innervation und Entwickelung der 



Spinnorgane bei Insekten. (Zool. Anzeiger, 1880, pp. 326-328.) 

 Poletajew, N. Ueber die Spinndriisen der Blattwespen. (Zool. Anzeiger, 



1885, pp. 22-23.) 

 Meinert, Fr. Contribution a 1'anatomie des fourmilions. (Overs. Danske 



Vidensk. Selsk. Forh. Kjb'benhavn, 1889, pp. 43-66, 2 Pis.) 

 Blanc, Louis. Etude sur la sScre'tion de la soie et la structure du brin et de la 



bave dans le Bombyx mori. Lyon, 1889, pp. 48, 4 Pis. 

 La tete du Bombyx mori a 1'etat larvaire. Anatomie et physiologie. 



(Extrait du volume des Travaux du Laboratoire d'Etudes de la Soie. 



Annies 1889-1890, Lyon, 1891, pp. 180, 95 figs.) 

 Gilson, G. Recherches sur les cellules se'cre'tantes. La soie et les appareils 



se'ricigenes : I. Lepidopteres. (La Cellule, 1890, vi, pp. 115-182, 3 Pis. 



I, Lepidopteres (suite); II, Trichopteres. Ibid., x, pp. 71-93, 1893, 



1 PI.) 



Garman, H. Silk-spinning dipterous larvae (Science, xx, 1893, p. 215). 

 Also the writings of Meckel, Pictet, Dume"ril, Klapalek, Wistinghausen, Loew, 



Hagen, Fritz Miiller, Kolbe, McLachlan, de Selys-Longchamps. 



c. The caeca! appendages. 



These diverticula of the mid-intestine (" stomach ") are appended 

 to the anterior end, and in the living, transparent larva of Sciara, 

 which has two large, long, slender coeca (Fig. 341), the partly digested 

 food may be seen oscillating back and forth from the anterior end 

 of the stomach into and out of the base of each caecum. In the Locus- 

 tidae (Anabrus, Fig. 299) and Gryllidae (Fig. 344, e) there are two large, 

 short caeca, and in the locusts (Caloptenus) there are six caeca, while 

 cockroaches have eight. In the Coleoptera (Carabidae and Dyticidae) 

 these large caeca appear to be replaced by very numerous slender, 

 minute villi or tubules, which arise from the anterior part of the 

 stomach (Figs. 317, r, also 342). 



These caeca differ in structure from the stomach, as shown by 

 Graber, as well as by Plateau and by Minot. The latter states that 

 a single transverse section of one of the diverticula of the locust 

 demonstrates at once that its structure is entirely different from 

 that of the stomach. 



