392 TEXT-BOOK OF ENTOMOLOGY 



apparatus secretes a peculiar odor, probably serving to allure the female (Nature), 

 and certain Zygacnidse have on the inner side of the paranal lobes (Afterklap- 

 peu) glands filled with a sweetly scented fluid. Smith has detected a peculiar 

 brush of hair-like scales in a groove between the dorsal and ventral parts of the 

 basal two segments of the abdomen of Schinia marginata (family Noctuidae), 

 and when removed it exhaled a laudanum-like smell. 



The pupa of Citheronia regalis gives out from the. end of the abdomen a scent 

 reminding us of laudanum. 



Another mode of disseminating pleasant, alluring odors is that of 

 the males of certain moths, which bear pencils and tufts on their fore 

 or hind legs, and in .the case of an Indian butterfly on the greatly 

 elongated palpi. Those on the legs are ordinarily concealed in cavi- 

 ties or furrows in the leg, and may be thrust out and expanded so as 

 to widely diffuse their odor. Such are those 

 of the males of Catocala (Fig. 368), which 

 resemble an artist's fitch brush. In Hej>inlnx 

 hecta, where the arrangements for protecting 

 the tufts are quite abnormal, Bertkau has 

 detected the cells which secrete the odorous 

 fluid. In the male of another Hepialus (//. 

 liutnuli) a peculiar scent proceeds from the 

 curiously aborted and altered hind tibiae. 

 (Barrett.) In one case, that of a geometrid 

 moth (Bapata dichroa of New Guinea), these 

 pencils occur on all the legs. (Haase). In 



midSi4? oTS^r man y s P ecies a distinct odor is perceptible 

 oumbens. After Bailey. when the leg bearing the pencil or tuft is 



crushed. 



These eversible scent-glands have been supposed to be mostly 

 restricted to the Lepidoptera, and to a single known case in the Tri- 

 choptera, but similar alluring male glands also occur in the Orthop- 

 tera (Locustidse). H. Garman has described and figured in the cave 

 cricket (Hadenoecus subterraneus) " a pair of white fleshy appendages 

 protruding from slits between the terga of the 9th and 10th abdomi- 

 nal somites, the nature of which is not clear," adding, "the slits 

 through which the organs appear are situated one on each side 

 anterior to and a little within the cerci. When fully protruded, the 

 glands are white, cylindrical, a little tapering, and are about one-eighth 

 of an inch long.," He believes that they are protruded during the 

 period of sexual excitement, and suggests that "the sense of smell is 

 certainly the one best, calculated to bring the sexes together in the 

 darkness of caves." AVc had previously noticed these organs in 

 alcoholic specimens, but supposed that they were fungous growths. 



