LUMINOUS LARVAE 429 



nous organs are situated only on the ventral side of the head and 

 prothoracic segment. In larvae of the second stage there are added 

 three shining spots on each of the first eight abdominal segments, 

 and a single luminous spot on the last segment. These spots are 

 arranged in a linear series and thus form three luminous cords. In 

 the adult beetles there is a luminous spot in the middle of the first 

 abdominal sternite, but the greatest amount of light is produced by 

 the two vesicles on the hinder part of the prothorax, the position of 

 which varies according to the species. 



LITERATURE ON PHOSPHORESCENCE 



Peters, W. Ueber das Leuchten der Lampyris italica. (Miiller's Archiv f. 



Anatomie, 1841, pp. 229-233.) 

 Kolliker, A. Die Leuchtorgane von Lampyris, eine vorlaufige Mittheilung. 



(Verhandl. d. phys. medizin. Gesellsch. Wiirzburg, 1857, viii, pp. 217-224.) 

 Schultze, Max. Ueber den Bau der Leuchtorgane der Mannchen von Lampyris 



splendidula. (Sitzber. d. niederrhein. Gesellsch. f. Natur. u. Heilkunde zu 



Bonn, 1864, Sep. p. 7.) 



- Zur Kenntniss der Leuchtorgane von Lampyris splendidula. (Archiv f. 



mikroskop. Anat., 1865, i, pp. 124-137, 2 Taf.) 

 Wielowiejski, H. Ritter von. Studien tiber die Lampyriden. (Zeits. f. wissens. 



Zool., 1882, xxxvii, pp. 354-428, 2 Taf.) 

 Emery, Carlo. Untersuchungen liber Luciola italica L. (Zeits. f. wissens. 



Zool., 1884, xl, pp. 338-355, 1 Taf.) 

 La luce della Luciola italica osservata col microscopic. (Bull. Soc. Ent. 



Ital. Anno xvii, 1885, pp. 351-355, 1 Taf.) 

 Wheeler, William Morton. Concerning the blood tissue of the Insecta, III ; 



Psyche, vi, 1892, p. 255. (Structure of the light organ of Photuris penn- 



sylvanica.} 

 Heinemann, C. Zur Anatomie und Physiologie der Leuchtorgane Mexikanischer 



Cucujos, Pyrophorus. (Archiv f . mikroskop. Anat., 1886, xxvii, pp. 296-383. ) 

 Dubois, R. Contribution a I'e'tude de la production de la lumiere par les etres 



vivants. Les Elaterides lumineux. (Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1886, Anne'e 



ii, pp. 1-275, 9 Pis.) 

 Wielowiejski, H. Ritter von. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Leuchtorgane der 



Insekten. (Zool. Anzeiger, 1889, Jahrg. xii, pp. 594-600.) 

 Hudson, G. V. The habits and life-history of the New Zealand glowworms. 



(Trans. N. Zealand Inst., xviii, 1890, pp. 43-49, 1 PI.) 

 Dubois, R. Sur le mechanisme de la production de la lumiere chez VOrya bar- 



barica d'Alge"rie. (Comptes rend. Acad. Sc. France, 1892, cxvii, pp. 184-186. 



Also in Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1893 (6), xii, pp. 415-416.) 

 Schmidt, P. Ueber das Leuchten der Zuckmlicken (Chironomidse). (Zool. 



Jahrb. Morph., Abth. viii, 1894, pp. 191-216, 2 Taf. Also Ann. and Mag. 



Nat. Hist., xv, pp. 133-141, 1895. The light is due to bacteria. Nature, 1897.) 

 Chun, C. Leuchtorgane und Facettenaugen. (Biol. Centralbl., 1896, pp. 315- 



320.) 

 Muraoka, H. (On the filtered rays of Lampyris, Wiedemann's Annalen, Dec., 



1896.) 

 See also the writings of Audouin, Carus, D. Turner, Thompson. 



