470 



TEXT-BOOK OF ENTOMOLOGY 



have no gills, though they appear well developed in the pupal stage. 

 (Klapalek.) 



The only lepidopterous larva known to be provided with tracheal 

 A gills is that of the pyralid genus 



Paraponyx. Its thread - like 

 gills, arranged in tufts of three 



"/// B 



rv 



FIG. 447. A, an abdominal segment of Hydropsyche, with the tracheal gills (Ibr) : M, longi- 

 tudinal tracheal trunk : /, stigmata! branch. B, 5th abdominal segment of pupa of the same ; 

 I, the three lateral flaps of the tergite ; br 1 , br 2 , branchiae 



or four, arise from a common tubercle situated on the sides of nearly 

 all the segments. Wood-Mason describes the East Indian P. oryzalis 

 as " covered with a perfect forest of 

 soft and delicate white filaments," 

 arranged in tufts disposed in four 

 longitudinal rows. " The stigmata 

 of the 2d, 3d, and 4th abdominal 

 somites only are clearly discernible." 

 The caterpillar crawls " free and un- 

 covered" over the submerged leaves 



VI 



FIG. 448. Imago, abdominal segments iv to vi, FIG. 449. Larva and pupa of /'<;/<;- 

 with the gills at a concealed in their natural condition ; ponyx xtratiolata, enlarged; , 

 at b, drawn out with the needle ; at c, projecting abnor 

 mally and dried. This and Fig. 447 after Palnu'-n. 



After De Oeer (compare Hart's liguiv of 

 P. obscuralis, living in the Illinois River). 



