114 ARTIFICIAL FLIES. 



The Drakes. Head acccording with that of the fly ; shoul- 

 ders short, and thickish ; body, above half length, rather 

 smaller to the end ; wings on the mid shoulder, to stand 

 up like those of a butterfly, slantwise over the body ; 

 leg at the breast ; hackle over the mid and third shoulder, 

 the fibres of the feather to start upwards from the stem, 

 and have a natural tension in the direction of the wings of 

 the flies. If the color of the feather suit for both wings 

 and legs, pinch the upper fibres together for wings, and trim^ 

 and shorten the under ones for legs, which is the shortest 

 way of dressing a fly, and often done by the craft. The 

 glittering wings of all the drake tribes, after casting their 

 skins, are best represented by the glittering cock hackle 

 feathers. 



The Duns. Small heads, and small jumped-up shoulders ; 

 body rather fuller, and better than half length ; wing near 

 the head, and leg at the breast. Hackle on the shoulders 

 near the head ; the fibres to close flat at the stem by the 

 action of the water ; for if they appear thick at the shoul- 

 ders when the fibres of the feather are closed, the shape of 

 both these flies and the browns is lost. 



The Spinners. Small heads, large round shoulders, bodies 

 cylindrical, near two-thirds the length. Wing or hackle 

 on the shoulder, .leg at the breast. 



The House Flies. Head, shoulders, and body in their 

 proportions thickish ; body somewhat oval, and about half 

 the length. Wing on each side of top of shoulder, to lie 

 horizontal and point more or less from the body ; leg at the 

 breast ; hackle over the fore-part of shoulder. The pro- 

 portions of this class rather vary. 



The Beetles. Head small ; shoulders and body growing 

 broader, into an oval form ; body about three-fifths of the 

 length ; wing where the shoulders and body join, to close 

 over the back ; leg at the breast ; hackle for under-wings 

 close behind the top ones. 



