78 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
XLV. CASARCA Bonaparte. 1838. 
131.1. Ruddy Sheldrake. 
Casarca casarca (LINN.) ALLEN. 1896. 
In 1892 the Geographical Society of Berlin sent an expedition 
to west Greenland, which was accompanied by Dr. Vanhoffen as 
naturalist. He reports seeing the skin of this species in a small 
collection of birds’ skins made at Augpalartok, in the district of 
Uppernavik, which was collected in that vicinity in 1892. (J. A. 
Allenin The Auk, Vol. XIII, 244, 1896.) 
XLVI. ANAS Linnzus. 1758. 
1382. Mallard. 
Anas boschas LINN. 1758. 
Breeds in both inspectorates of Greenland and is not rare. (Avcz. 
Man.) A rather common bird; most common in the winter 
months; afew breed at Ivigtut, Greenland. (Hagerup.) On the 
basis of a comparison of a large series of specimens of the mallard 
from Greenland with specimens from Denmark Mr. Schiceler has 
separated the Greenland form as a sub-species under the name 
Anas boschas spilogaster. (The Auk, Vol. XXII, p. 331.) 
It is very rare in Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, and only 
occasional in New Brunswick. It becomes more common in Que- 
bec, especially in the Montreal district, and in western Ontario, 
as a migrant; assembles in great flocks and feeds in the marshes 
along Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair, where a few pairs remain to 
breed. : 
This is the most abundant duck in the Northwest Territories 
and British Columbia, breeding near ponds and lakes from lat. 49° 
to the borders of the Barren Lands. Preble saw one or two on ponds 
in the Barren Grounds north of Seal river. It is not a bird of the 
sea-coast, but prefers the ponds and lakes of the interior. It was 
breeding in Vermilion lake at Banff, 1891, and in Eagle pass in 
the Gold range, B.C., in May, 1890. It is quite common in the 
interiorof Alaska and breeds as far north as Kotzebue sound, 
according to Nelson. On the Alaskan shores it is not common, 
