220 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
hen,’”’ and many are killed with sticks as they sit on the low branches. 
Reported as common about Jasper House, on the Athabasca river, 
in the summer of 1898, by Mr. W. Spreadborough. 
BREEDING NoTres.—This species seems to nest exactly like the 
other grouse. One nest found at the base of a tree at Hector, 
Rocky mountains, on July 29th, 1885, contained eight eggs. The 
young were just emerging from the shell and would evidently leave 
the nest at once, as indeed two of them attempted to do as we stood 
by them. 
CXXX. BONASA STEPHENS. 1819. 
300. Ruffed Grouse. “ Partridge.” 
Bonasa umbellus (LINN.) STEPH. 1819. 
From all I have observed, I think that we have in Ontario in- 
dividuals of both Bonasa umbellus and Bonasa umbellus togata, that 
these two intergrade and produce a mixed race which is found 
throughout southern Ontario, but cannot properly be classed with 
either of the varieties. (McIlwraith.) 
It is doubtful whether true wmbellus is found in Canada, but 
until more material has been collected and all the old collections 
have been examined MclIlwraith’s statement must stand. On the 
other hand, further study may show that togata is not separable 
from wmbellus. 
300a. Canadian Ruffed Grouse. 
Bonasa umbellus togata (LINN.) RmpGw. 1885. 
Common from Missinabi river to Moose Factory, James bay. 
None observed in Labrador in 1896. I think they go very little 
further north in Labrador than the birch and poplar. (Spread- 
borough.) Northeasterly from Lake Winnipeg to Oxford lake and 
Trout river; recorded by Foster from Fort Albany and Severn 
river and by Bell from York Factory. (Preble.) 
This is an abundant resident in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, 
Prince Edward Island, Quebec and Ontario. It seems to range 
