CATALOGUE OF CANADIAN BIRDS. 393 
and in Manitoba. (W. Raine.) Common from Cape Henrietta 
Maria, Hudson bay, to Missinabi, Ont., in late August and September. 
A few breed at Cape Henrietta Maria. (Spreadborough.) Specimens 
of the true alpestris were taken by myself at Rat Portage, and at 
Carberry, in the fall. (E. T. Seton.) We have one specimen of 
the species taken at Ottawa, May 15, 1890, by Mr. W. E. Saunders. 
Mr. Saunders is of the opinion that Mr. Raine is wrong in thinking 
that alpestris bred at Toronto. 
474a. Pallid Horned Lark. 
Otocorts alpestris arcticola, OBERHOLSER. 1902. 
In summer, Alaska (chiefly the interior) with the valley of the 
Yukon river. Breeding birds have been examined from Fort 
Yukon and St. Michael, Alaska; and from Fort Reliance, Yukon 
river, Yukon district. Non-breeding specimens have been examined 
from Chilliwack, Sumas Prairie, Osoyoos, Okanagan, and Revel- 
stoke, B.C.; also from St. Louis, Sask. (Oberholser.) 
Alaska and western British America, southward in winter into 
the United States. A few breeding birds from the Saskatchewan 
and Great Slave lake region, though tinged with yellow on the 
chin, are, on account of size and colours somewhat paler than 
alpestris referable to leucolema; so too, are large dark birds with 
white eyebrows and pale yellow chins found in winter in the upper 
Mississippi valley, coming as they doubtless do from an intermediate 
region between Hudson bay and Alaska. Breeding birds of these 
two races are few and limited mainly to those taken on Government 
expeditions; consequently I do not draw the lines on the map as 
closely together as with some of the other races better defined. 
Two young, in first plumage, taken on the Arctic coast, east of the 
Anderson river, may be referred to this race. While they are not 
as black and white as might be expected in Alaskan birds, they 
lack the general yellowishness of young alpestris from Newfound- 
land. In winter Jeucolema is found as far south as the middle of 
the western United States, mostly east of the Sierra Nevada moun- 
tains. Northwest coast specimens indicate that a small-sized 
leucolema may breed in the mountains not far north of the United 
States boundary, though such birds may generally be referred to 
merrula. A male in autumn plumage, taken August 26th at Chief 
