396 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
plumage, were taken as early as June 13, 1906. The birds of this 
region are intermediate between this form and Otocoris alpestris 
enthymia Oberholser. We collected quite a series of horned larks 
most of which, particularly those collected on the prairies in the 
eastern portion of the region we visited, were nearer enthymuia, 
while those collected on the alkaline, sage-brush plains of western 
Saskatchewan and in Alberta were more typical of leucolema. This 
new form described by Mr. Oberholser in 1902 and first noted by 
Dr. Bishop in North Dakota in 1895, seems to be well marked and 
worthy of recognition, as the bird of the northern prairie region. 
But as it has not yet been formally accepted I must list our birds 
as bteucolema. (A.C. Bent.) 
Should this form be recognized as a good one many of the refer- 
ences given elsewhere in this Catalogue must be transferred here. 
474b. Prairie Horned Lark. 
Otocoris alpestris praticola HENSH. 1884. 
In summer, southern Canada from Manitoba to the north shore of 
the gulf of St. Lawrence. Breeding birds have been examined from 
Chateau bay, Labrador; Gatineau Point, Quebec; Ottawa, Kingston, 
Toronto, Lorne Park, Peel county, Bracebridge, Windsor, Kenora 
and Rat Portage, Ontario; Carberry, Boggy creek and Big Plain, 
Manitoba. (Oberholser.) 
This bird is a miniature leucolema, somewhat darker and with a 
pale yellow chin which is seldom bright, and is often white. Autumn 
birds seem to show more linear spots on the breast than do the other 
forms, but this is not a constant feature. It seems to have gradually 
extended its range eastward as the woods have disappeared, and we 
can see why it should be nearer to /eucolema than to alpestris. How- 
ever, aS we go westward, we find a direct gradation into arenicola 
and this race passes directly into /eucolema. Now leucolema passes 
into alpestris, and somewhere in the Saskatchewan or Winnipeg 
regions we shall find, I venture to say, breeding birds that might 
be referred to any one of these four forms. Breeding birds have 
been examined from Toronto, Peel county and Rat Portage, Ontario; 
Carberry, Manitoba. (Dwzght.) 
