422 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA. 
CXCVI. NUCIFRAGA Brisson. 1760. 
491. Clarke Nutcracker. 
Nuctfraga columbiana (Wits.) Aub. 1834. 
British Columbia. (Lord.) Abundant summer resident through- 
out the coniferous forests of the interior. (Streator.) A common 
resident east of the Coast range; west, but very rarely, to Vancouver 
island; abundant in the pine belts along the Similkameen and along 
the Cariboo road above Clinton. (Fannin.) Resident in the 
mountains; rarely descending to the valleys. (Brooks.) This 
Species was rather common at Banff, Rocky mountains, in 1891, 
and breeding in the mountains; common in the Crow Nest pass in 
August, 1897; in the summer of 1885, when the Canadian Pacific 
railway was being built through the Rocky and Selkirk mountains, 
this bird was very common around the camps and apparently living 
on their refuse. (Macown.) Early in the spring of 1890 this species 
was quite common at Revelstoke, B.C., but soon retired to the 
mountains; they were common at Deer Park, Lower Arrow lake, 
Columbia river, B.C., on June 4th, 1890, when fully fledged young 
were shot; at Robson, B.C., they were abundant on the mountain 
sides later in the month; observed on all the mountains between 
Trail and Cascade, B.C., near the International Boundary, in the 
summer of 1902; rare at Elko in the spring of 1904; in 1905 and 
1906 it was common along the International Boundary from Midway 
west to Chilliwack lake; in May and June,1889, this species was far from 
uncommon at Spence Bridge and up the Nicola valley where they 
seemed to be breeding; observed a few in the mountains at Chilli- 
wack lake, B.C., in July, 1901. (Spreadborough.) Common during 
the winter of 1897-98 at Lake Okanagan, B.C., but entirely absent 
the next winter; many remained to breed in 1898, and they also 
bred in 1897; they lay in February. I shot an adult female at 
Comox, Vancouver island, February 18th, 1904. This is a very 
rare straggler on Vancouver island. (Brooks.) This species extends 
from the summit of the Coast range to the summit of the Rocky 
mountains, in British Columbia, in summer. Rare at Clinton and 
Lac la Hache, but wintering wherever found. The Indians de- 
clare they breed in February and again in July. (Rhoads.) 
The first specimen of Clarke’s crow taken in Alaska was one cap- 
tured by Bischoff at Sitka; only two other Alaskan records are 
