488 The Trees of Great Britain and Ireland 



incurved spine above the middle on the back ; two lower scales half the size of the 

 others, acute ; two upper scales rounded at the apex, each bearing one seed, which 

 has two lateral wings, one short and narrow, the other broad and entire or sub-dentate. 



This tree occurs in the North Island of New Zealand, in forests from Mongonui 

 southward to Hawke's Bay and Taranaki, at elevations from sea-level to 2000 feet, 

 usually rare and local. Kawaka is the native name, and it is also known as the New 

 Zealand Arbor Vita, the dark red wood, beautifully grained and durable, being used 

 in cabinet-making. 



It is occasionally seen in conservatories ; the only tree growing in the open, that 

 we know of, being one at Powerscourt, which was 20 feet high and 1 8 inches in girth 

 in 1903. (A. H.) 



LIBOCEDRUS BIDWILLI 



Libocedrus Bidwilli, J. D. Hooker, Flora New Zealand, i. 257 (1867); Kirk, Forest Flora New 

 Zealand, 159, tt. 82A, 83 (1889); Cheeseman, New Zealand Flora, 647 (1906). 



A tree similar to L. Doniana, but smaller, attaining a maximum of 80 feet in 

 height and 1 2 feet in girth ; but often bushy at high altitudes and on peat-bogs. 



Branchlets on young trees like those of Z. Doniana, but more slender ; on old trees 

 tetragonal, ^^th to ^^th inch in diameter, clothed with densely imbricated, minute, 

 scale-like leaves, uniform in size and shape in the four ranks, closely appressed, boat- 

 shaped, ovate, acute, green in colour. Cones like those of L. Doniana, but smaller, 

 \^o\ inch long. 



This tree occurs both on the North and South Islands of New Zealand, from 

 Te Aroha mountain and Mount Egmont southward to the Foveaux Strait, not un- 

 common in hilly and mountain forests at 800 to 4000 feet elevation. It is known as 

 cedar or Pahautea, and has soft, red, and rather brittle wood. This species has 

 not apparently been introduced, though judging from its occurrence higher in the 

 mountains and more southerly in latitude than L. Doniana, it ought to be hardy in 

 the milder parts of the British Isles. (A. H.) 



LIBOCEDRUS MACROLEPIS 



Libocedrus macrolepis, Bentham et Hooker, Gen. PI. iii. 426 (1880); Kent, Veitch's Man. Com/era, 

 255 (1900); Masters, Gard. Chron. xxx. 467 (1901); Henry, Garden, Ixii. 183, with figure of 

 tree (1902). 



Calocedrus macrolepis, Yi\az,Joum. Bot. xi. 196, t. 133 (1873). 



A tree, attaining in China 100 feet in height, broadly pyramidal in habit, with 

 whitish, scaly bark. This species resembles L. decurrens in foliage the frondose 

 branch-systems being, however, more flattened, and the leaves thinner in texture and 

 larger at the corresponding stages of growth than in that species the best mark of 

 distinction being the glaucous tint of the leaves beneath, Staminate flowers oblong. 



