CORYLUS 



Corylus, Linnaeus, Sp. Pi. 998 (1753); Bentham et Hooker, Gen. PL iii. 406 (1880); Winkler, in 

 Engler, Pflansenreich, iv, 61, Betulacece, 44 (1904). 



Deciduous trees or shrubs, belonging to the order Betulaceae. Leaves alternate, 

 distichous on the branchlets, stalked, simple, penninerved, doubly serrate ; stipules 

 two, caducous. Buds composed of numerous imbricated scales, corresponding to 

 stipules. 



Flowers monoecious, arising from buds on the branchlets of the previous year. 

 Male flowers in cylindrical catkins, appearing in autumn ; fascicled, or two to five 

 on a common peduncle ; composed of numerous imbricated bracts, each bearing on 

 its inner side two partly adnate bracteoles and four stamens, without a perianth ; 

 filaments bifid, each branch bearing a single anther cell, tufted with hairs at its apex. 

 Female flowers in buds resembling those which contain leaves only, but distinguish- 

 able in spring by the projecting styles. The lower scales of the buds bear leaves in 

 their axils, the flowers, few in number, arising only in the axils of the uppermost 

 scales, each scale bearing two flowers. Each flower, surrounded at the base by two 

 minute bracteoles, more or less deeply cut and forming an involucre, consists of a 

 two-celled ovary, surmounted by a short, denticulate perianth and two long styles ; 

 each cell containing one ovule. 



Fruit, in clusters at the end of the short leafy branch into which the bud has 

 developed ; a one-celled, one-seeded nut, the remains of the other cell and ovule, 

 which have aborted, being visible in its upper part. The nut is contained in a leafy 

 involucre, open at the summit, and variously lobed or dentate. Seed without 

 albumen ; cotyledons thick, fleshy, containing oil, remaining on germination 

 underground. 



Eight or nine species of Corylus are known, all natives of northern temperate 

 regions, and mostly shrubs or small trees. Only one species, Corylus Colurna, attains 

 the dimensions of a timber tree, and comes within the scope of our work. 



CORYLUS COLURNA, Constantinople or Turkish Hazel 



Corylus Colurna, Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 999 (1753); Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. iii. 2029 (1838); 

 Willkomm, Forstliche Flora, 377 (1887); Winkler, op. cit. 50. 



A tree of moderate size, attaining 60 to 80 feet in height and 7 to 8 feet in 

 girth of stem. Bark of trunk grey, thick, and scaling off in small irregular plates. 



520 



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