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CARYA 



Ca^'O!,' Nuttall, Gen. Am. ii. 220 (1818); Bentham et Hooker, Gen. PL iii. 398 (1880). 

 Scoria, Rafinesque, Med. Repos. New York, v. 352 (1808). 

 Hicorius, Rafinesque, Fl. LudotK 109 (1817). 

 Hicoria, Rafinesque, Alsog. Am. 65 (1838). 



Deciduous trees belonging to the order Juglandaceae. BrancHlets with solid 

 continuous pith, not chambered as in Juglans and Pterocarya. Leaves alternate, 

 compound, unequally pinnate, without stipules ; leaflets sessile or sub-sessile, serrate, 

 penninerved. 



Flowers monoecious, without petals. Staminate catkins slender, drooping, in 

 threes on a common penduncle or clustered and sessile or subsessile, arising either 

 from buds in the axils of the leaf-scars of the previous year's branchlets or from the 

 base of the current year's shoot, and appearing after the unfolding of the leaves ; 

 flowers numerous in the catkin ; calyx two- to three-lobed, subtended by an ovate 

 bract ; stamens three to ten, filaments short. Pistillate flowers, two to ten, in a 

 cluster or spike, terminal on a leafy branchlet of the year ; ovary superior, one-celled, 

 surrounded by a four-lobed cup-shaped involucre, formed by the union of a bract 

 and two bracteoles ; calyx one-lobed ; stigmas two, sessile ; ovule solitary. 



Fruit, a nut, enclosed in a four-valved, thickened, hard and woody involucre, 

 four-celled at the base, two-celled at the apex, tipped by the remains of the style ; 

 seed solitary, without albumen, filling the cavity of the nut. 



The cotyledons remain underground in germination, the plumule being carried 

 by the lengthening of their petioles out of the nut, which splits into two valves. The 

 germination resembles that of the oak, the young stem bearing at first three to eight 

 alternate minute lanceolate scales, above which the leaves are developed. The first 

 leaf is simple, tri-lobed, or trifoliolate ; those succeeding, about five or six in the first 

 year, being trifoliolate ; all are serrate and stalked. The difference observed in the 

 length of the stems, in two or three seedlings, seen at Colesborne, may not be 

 constant for each species.^ 



Twelve species of hickory are distinguished by Sargent,* all natives of North 



' The generic name, Carya, though not the first one published, has always been used in England, and is now sanctioned 

 by the regulations drawn up by the International Congress of Botany at Vienna in 1905. Cf. Verhand. Internal. Bot. Kmgress. 

 Wien, 1905, p. 239. With regard to the specific names, I have not altered those of Nuttall, which have been long in use. 



* Rowlee and Hastings, Bot. Gaz. xxvi. 349, pi. xxix. figs. 9, 10, 12 {1898), give figures of the seedlings of C. alba and 

 C. parcina. 



' In Trees N. Amer. 132 (1905). Ashe, in Flora South-Eastem United States, 333 (190^), raised two varieties to the rank 

 of species, making fourteen species in all. 



597 



