K^y- 







OECOLOGY OF PLANTS 



AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY 

 OF PLANT-COMMUNITIES 



By BUG. WARMING, Ph.D. 



PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN 



ASSISTED BY 



MARTIN VAHL, Ph.D. 



PRIVATDOCENT IN THE UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN 



PREPARED FOR PUBLICATION IN ENGLISH BY 



PERCY GROOM, M.A., D.Sc, F.L.S. 



ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND 



TECHNOLOGY, LONDON 



AND 



ISAAC BAYLEY BALFOUR, M.A, M.D., F.R.S. 



king's BOTANIST IN SCOTLAND, REGIUS KEEPER OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN 

 AND PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY, EDINBURGH 





OXFORD ^ 



AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 

 1909 



