INDEX 



A. 



Abks pectinata 314. 



Absorption of water, by epigeous 

 organs 118; by hypogeous or- 

 gans 117; by land-plants 117. 



Abyssal associations, saprophy- 

 tic, composition i 76. 



Acacia, in Australian sclerophyl- 

 lous forest 309 ; shrub-lands 

 281 ; in West-Indian evergreen 

 bushland 302. 



A. horrida, in South African 

 savannah 299. 



Acaena adscendens, on Kergiielen 

 214. 



Acanthaceae, in mangrove- 

 vegetation 235. 



Acanthosicyos horrida, on Afri- 

 can sand-dunes 270. 



Acid soil, formations growing 

 on 196. 



Adaiisonia digitata, in tree- 

 savannah 2 98. 



Adaptations, of aquatic plants 

 96; of land-plants 100, 101. 



Adiantum Capilhis Vcnens, in 

 Madeira 246. 



Adonis vcrnalis 290. 



Acgiceras inajus, in mangrove- 

 vegetation 235. 



Aercmhyiua, in marsh-plants, 

 characters 186. 



Aestuaria 223. 



Aestuarium, with zosteretum 

 and salicornetnm 230. 



Africa, mountain-steppe 261 ; 

 sand-dunes 269 ; tropical fell- 

 field 259 ; East, and Asia, 

 similarity of mangrove-plants 

 237; East, orchard-steppe 293, 

 savannahs 298, thorn-bushland 

 and thorn-forest 294; German 

 East, desert-flora 276; German 

 South-West, Euphorbia-steppe 

 276, sand-dunes 270; North, 

 succulent-steppe 279 ; South, 

 desert-flora 276, salt tract 218, 

 savannah in 299 ; West, and 

 West Indies, similarity of man- 

 grove plants, 237. 



African savannah 298, 299. 



Agauria salicifolia 259. 



Agave, in succulent-steppe 279; 

 as tropical chasmophyte 244. 



A. amcricana, in Mediterranean 

 countries 364. 



Agrostis, in meadow 323. 



Air, adaptations of land-plants 

 to existence in 101 ; move- 



ments, an oecological factor 

 36 ; in soil, an oecological 

 factor 43 ; in water, signifi- 

 cance 149. 



Air- containing spaces, abun- 

 dance in water-plants 98. 



Aira 212 ; in meadow 323, 



324. 325- 



A. flextiosa, in beech-forest 333. 



Aizoon canaricnse, exhibiting 

 espalier-shape 26. 



Alder-forest 335. 



Alders (Alneta), in woodland- 

 swamp 190. 



Alectoria-heath, composition 

 208. 



Algae, depth of occurrence in 

 water 1 50 ; formation of litho- 

 philous vegetation 169 ; regional 

 distribution 150; sand- 175,223, 

 225. 



Algeria, gravel-steppes 275. 



Alhagi cameloriini, in vermuth - 

 steppe 278. 



Alnus incana, in alder-forest 335. 



A. vtridis, in mesophytic bush- 

 land of Alps 328. 



A lot', in South African savan- 

 nah 299. 



Alpine, mat- vegetation 318, 

 flora and associations 321 ; 

 meadow in Andes 322 ; plants, 

 leaf structure 254; species re- 

 placed by lowland species 251, 



253- 



Alps, brome meadow 289; cal- 

 careous rocks of, chasmophytes 

 244; colours of flowers 255; 

 dwarf-shrub heath 213; fell- 

 fields 258 ; Festuca vahsiaca 

 meadow 289 ; rarity of annuals 

 251 ; Rhododendron-bushland 

 215; waste herbage 289; 

 Southern, garigue 304 ; West- 

 ern, Pinus iitontaua in 216. 



Alvar- vegetation, in Gotland 

 290 ; in Sweden 290. 



Amarantaccac, on tropical sea- 

 shores 227. 



Atnarylliiiaccae, in South African 

 deserts 276. 



Amblystegieta 197. 



Amcntaccac, mycorhiza 86. 



Aincntiferae, in temperate meso- 

 phytic forest 330. 



America, palm bushland 291 ; 

 North, arctic fell-field 257, 

 deserts 277, deciduous dicoty- 

 lous forest 335, 336, grass- 



steppe (prairie) 285, salt-steppe 

 232, salt tracts 218, sand- 

 dunes 270, shrub-steppe 278, 

 280, succulent-steppe 279 ; 

 South, grass-steppe (pampas) 

 286, European species in grass- 

 steppe 2 8 7, mountain-steppe 

 261, palm-forest 347, sand- 

 dunes 271, savannahs 296, shrub- 

 steppe 280, tropical fell-field 

 258. 



Amuiophila ariindinacea, travel- 

 ling geophyte 9. See also 

 Psavima. 



Anabaena, relations with Azolla 



^7- . . 



Anastatica htei-ochuntica, ques- 

 tionably a rolling-plant 277. 



Anatomy, of halophytes 219; 

 influenced by air in soil 44, 

 by humidity 30, by light 21 ; in 

 regulation of transpiration 102. 



Auclioring-organs, in young 

 mangrove-plants 237. 



Andes, alpine meadow, flora 

 322 ; deciduous beech-forest 

 336;pMnas253,26i ; Argentine, 

 shrub- steppes 261 ; Upper, Sali- 

 cornia-association 231. 



Andropogon Gryllics, in steppe - 

 flora 284. 



A . scopariiis , in prairie-flora 286. 



.'/. villostts, a tunic-grass 116. 



Anemone netnorosa, travelling 

 geophyte 9. 



Anemophily, effect on physiog- 

 nomy of vegetation S3. 



Angola, ' Black Rocks' 241. 



Animals, and plants, relations 

 between 83 ; in soil, activity 77. 



Annual, plants, aestival 7 ; 

 hibernal 7 ; biennial- perennial 7; 

 species, abundant on dune 267. 



Annuals, rarity in arctic and 

 alpine regions 251. 



Antarctic, beech-forest, in New 

 Zealand and Patagonia 338 ; de- 

 ciduous beech-forest 336 ; fell- 

 fields, flora 260 ; forest, charac- 

 ters and flora 338 : heath 214. 



Anthistiria, in Australian grass- 

 land 327. 



Anthocyan 330 ; in polar 

 species 255 ; in regulation of 

 transpiration 103. 



Anthoxanthuin, in meadow 



l^Z, .^24- 

 Aphotic vegetation 150. 

 Aphyllous, forest, halophytic 



