INDEX 



413 



225; stems, characters 213; 

 succulence 219; succulent, 

 dark-green colour 220; and 

 xerophytes, agreement between 

 222. 



Halophytic, communities, fea- 

 tures 218 ; dimorphous species, 

 219; forest, aphyllous 229. 



Halo-plankton, 160. 



Haloxylon Ammodcndron, in 

 aphyllous halophytic forest 229. 



Haptera, of lithophytes 24I. 



Hard pan, formation 63. 



Heat, factor determining deve- 

 lopment of vegetation 35 ; in- 

 fluence, on distribution 28, on 

 habitats 28, on morphological 

 features 26 ; an oecological fac- 

 tor 22 ; of soil 51. 



Heath, definition 210; alec- 

 toria- 20S ; antarctic 214 ; clad- 

 ina- 208; dune- 265, flora 

 268; dwarf-shrub 210; erica- 

 ceous 210; in Falkland Isles 

 214; fern- 292; grass- 199; 

 lichen- 208 ; platysma- 208. 



Heather-moor 200. See also 

 High-moor. 



Heather-peat, composition 210. 



Heather-plants, growing on 

 wet and drj- soils 194. 



Jleberdenia cxceisa, in Makar- 

 onese maqui 307. 



Hekistothermic plants 36. 



Heliihrysum, in Cape Colony 

 composita-steppe 279. 



Heliophilous photophilous) 

 plants, characters 18. 



Heliophobous (sciophilous) 

 plants, characters 18. 



Heliophylls, characters 19, 20. 



Heliophytes, folded leaves 19. 



Helophytes 131, 136, 185 ; 

 adaptations 185 ; associations 

 and formations 186. 



Helotism 85. 



Hemisaprophytes 90. 



Ilerculeiim, large species in 

 Asian meadow 325. 



Herb-formations, 141. 



Herbs, renascent 8. 



Herzegovina, fell-fields 258. 



Heterotrophic growth-forms 6. 



Hibernation, of aquatic plants 



183. 

 High-dunes, production 264. 

 High-moor, adaptations 201 ; 



flora 202 ; formation 196, 200; 



geographical distribution 204 ; 



and low-moor, distinctions 203. 

 Himalayas, Rhododtndron- 



bushland 215. 

 Hinge-cells, function 120. 

 Hippophac iharmioidcs 264 ; in 



dnne-bushland 26S. 

 Hippophaeta, in dune-bush- 

 land 268. 



Hippophaetum, in Jutland 291. 

 Holcus, in meadow 323, 324, 



Holly-bushland 328. 



Holoparasitea 85. 



Holo-plankton 161. 



Holosaprophytes,characters90. 



llonckcnya peploides 226; in 

 production of low dunes 264. 



llordettm, in South American 

 grass-steppe 287. 



H. secalinum 231. 



Hot springs, Cyanophyceae in 

 151 ; flora 174. 



Humidity, atmospheric, an 

 oecological factor 28 ; effect on 

 structure 30. 



Humous acids, as cause of phy- 

 siological dryness of soil 195. 



Humus 63, 74 ; absence in soils 

 of desert and steppe 273 ; pro- 

 duction 60 ; varying demands of 

 plants for 64; raw, composition 

 62, conditions governing pro- 

 duction 210, mosses producing 

 207 ; soil, characters 60, ex- 

 cellence as nutritive substra- 

 tum 63 ; of beech-forest, mild 

 332, sour 333. 



Hungarian plains, dune-vege- 

 tation 269. 



Hungary, grass -steppe 284 ; 

 pusztas 282, 283 ; steppe 281 ; 

 waste herbage 290. 



Hydathodes, excretion of calcic 

 carbonate 103 ; of mangrove- 

 plants 238; types loi. 



Hydrocharid-formation 154, 

 155 ; adaptations 165 ; associa- 

 tions and distribution 166; 

 characters and flora 164. 



Hydromegathermic plants 35. 



Hydrophytes 136 ; lithophilous 

 154, 155; oecological factors 

 149; adaptations 97. 



Hydrostachydaceae 169. 



Hygrochasy 277. 



Hygrophilous plants (Thur- 

 mann) 69. 



Ilylocomium 212. 



Hymenophyllaceae, epiphytic, 

 in antarctic forest 338 ; as mist- 

 plants 341. 



Hypnum 212. 



//. stramineitm, in production 

 of peat in Greenland 205. 



Ilypoxis august i/olia 259. 



Iberia, see Spain. 



Ice, vegetation 163. 



Iceland, arctic fcll-field 257 ; 

 colonization of lava-fields 351 ; 

 development of vegetation in 

 Vatn Valley 350 ; mat-gr<iss- 

 land 319; mat-herbage 320; 

 myr 198 ; pastures 327; sand- 



dunes 269 ; significance of vege- 

 tation 209. 



Idioblasts, in halophytes 221; 

 lignified, water-storing 1 26. 



Ilex Aquifolium, in maqui 306; 

 spiny foliage 128. 



/. canariensis, in maqui 307. 



Illumination, regulation of, in 

 control of transpiration 112, 

 by movements 112. 



Imperala anuidinacca, 298. 



India, jungle as savannah-forest 

 300 ; monsoon-forest 337. 



Infra-aquatic moor 197. 



Intercellular spaces, in halo- 

 phytes 220, 



Inula crithmoides 224. 



Inverting organs, in regulation 

 of transpiration 114. 



Ipoinoea Pes-iaprae 10, 227. 



Ireland, moskar associations 

 208 ; nardeta 199. 



Iriartea, prop- roots 342. 



Iron-sulphur-bacteria 223, 

 225. 



Isoetes, as limnaea rosette-form 

 184. 



J- 



Japanese forest, flora 336. 



Java, lalang-vegetation 298 ; 

 rain-forest 341 ; solfataras 68; 

 tjemoro-forest 300 ; southern, 

 evergreen bushland 301. 



Juncaceae, in arctic fell-field 

 257 ; on low-moor 197. 



Jungermannia-form 10. 



yuniperus 311 ; scrub-plant in 

 Lapland 72. 



y. communis 211, 257 ; growing 

 on wet and dry soils 194 ; in sub- 

 alpine bushland 215 ; in thom- 

 bushland 291. 



Juniper-swamp, composition 

 191. 



Jungle, in India, as savannah- 

 forest 300. 



Junquillo-pampa 287. 



Jutland, forests 363 ; hippo- 

 phaetum 291. 



K. 



Kalahari desert, flora 276; 

 stone-fields 275. 



Kandelia Khccdii, in mangrove- 

 vegetation 235. 



Kangaroo-grass, see Aiithis- 

 tiria. 



Karoo, desert, flora 276. 



Karoo-thorn, see Acacia 

 horrida. 



Kerguelen, antarctic heath on 

 214. 



Kilimanjaro, orchard-scrub 293. 



Kirghiz steppe, flora 270. 



KUiuia. 276. 



A', ncriifolia, in Canary Islands 

 279. 



