4i6 



INDEX 



Musa-form, lype of rosette- 

 plant lo. 



Muscoid growth-forms 6. 



Mutations 369. 



Mutualism 84. 



Mutualistic relationship, be- 

 tween lichen-fiingd and algae 85. 



Mycorhiza 79, 86. 



Myr, definition 198. 



Myrica Faya 309 ; in Makaron- 

 ese niaqui 307, 



M. Gale 212. 



Myricetum, in northern Europe 

 212. 



Myrmecliorous plants 83. 



Myrsinaceae, in mangrove- 

 vegetation 235. 



Myrtaceae, in Australian shrub- 

 steppe 281 ; in tropical rain- 

 forest 346. 



Myrtilletum 212. 



Myrius communis, in maqui 306. 



Myzodendron, parasitic in antarc- 

 tic beech-forest 338. 



N. 



Namaqualand, Great, desert 

 276. 



Nanism 29, 38 ; caused by low 

 soil-temperature 50 ; resulting 

 from defective nutriment 56 ; in 

 subglacial species 253. 



2Nardetum, in Alpine mat- 

 vegetation 321. 



Nardus stricta, a tunic-grass 

 116, 212. 



Nardus-stricta association, in 

 Alpine mat- vegetation 321. 



Nebraska, prairie 325. 



Neottia 331 ; as holosaprophyte 

 90. 



Nereid-formation 1155. 



Neritic plankton 160. 



Nero -plankton 161. 



Netiropogon Taylori 209. 



New Caledonia, savannahs 299. 



New soil, peopling of, by plants 

 349; sources 355. See also 

 Peopling of new soil. 



New Zealand, antarctic beech- 

 forest 338 ; fell-iield 260 ; for- 

 ests, tree-ferns 339 ; foreign 

 species in 364; and Patago- 

 nian forests, similarity 338; 

 tussock -formation 199. 



Nipa fruticans, in mangrove- 

 vegetation 235 ; as swamp-plant 

 191. 



Nitrification of soil, by bac- 

 teria 79. 



Nitrophilous plants 68. 



Nitrophytes 68. 



Non-living covering over vege- 

 tation, effect 72. 



North America. SeeAmerica, 

 North. 



North Pole, fell-field 257. 



Norway, meadow 325 ; myr 

 198. 



Norwegian mountains, meso- 

 phytic bushland 328. 



A^ostoc, in leaves of Sfhagnum^"] . 



Notofagus, in antarctic forest 

 338 ; in deciduous forest of 

 Patagonia 336. 



Nova Zembla, mat-grassland 

 319; mat-herbage 320. 



Nutriment, chemical consti- 

 tution, significance 68 ; quan- 

 titative selection 58 ; quantity 

 and quality, effect on plant- 

 form 56 ; in soil, geographical 

 significance 58, as oecological 

 factor 55. 



Nutritive substances, dissolved 

 in water 151 ; in soil 55. 



Nyssa bijlora, in black-gum 

 swamp 191. 



O. 



Oak-forest, characters and flora 

 333 > Mediterranean 308. 



Oases, in tundra 320. 



Obione 220. 



Obligate parasites 85. 



Oceanic plankton 161. 



Ochur-vegetation 295. 



Odontospermiitu (Asteriscus) 

 pygmaeum 108 ; in Egypto- 

 Arabian desert 275 ; a rolling- 

 plant 277. 



Oecological, classes 136; classi- 

 fication 96; factors 16, in re- 

 lation to hydrophytes 149 ; 

 genus, formation as 145 ; plaat- 

 geography, scope 2. 



6land, alvar-vegetation 290. 



OUa europaea 309 ; in maqui 

 306. 



Oligotrophia communities 193. 



Olive-forests, in Mediterranean 

 countries 309. 



Ombrophilous plants 32. 



Ombrophobous plants 32. 



Optimal area, of a species 367. 



Opttntia, in Mediterranean coun- 

 tries 364 ; in Mexican suc- 

 culent-steppe 280. 



Orchard-scrub, of Kilimanjaro 



293- 



Orchidaceae, epiphytic 88, in 

 tropical rain-forest 340 ; on 

 low-moor 197. 



Origin of species, general con- 

 siderations 369. 



Orobanche, as holoparasite 85. 



Oscilliaria, in hot springs 174, 



175- 

 Oxalidaceae, in South African 



deserts 276. 



Oxylophytes 136, 193. 



P. 

 Palisade tissue, in halophytes 

 220 ; in xerophytes 107. 



Palm-bushland, distribution 



and flora 291. 

 Palm-forest, in South America 



347- 

 Palmae, in mangrove-vegetation 



235. 



Pampas 281 ; Argentine, salt- 

 steppe 232; salt tract 218; in 

 South America, associations 

 287, characters 286, flora 287. 



Pan, hard, formation 63 ; moor-, 

 formation 63. 



Pandanus, in Barringtonia- 

 association 228 ; prop-roots 



.342; 



Panicum, in prairie-flora 285. 



Pannonian hills, see Pontic 

 hills. 



Papilionaceae, as lianes 91 ; in 

 Mediterranean flora 305. 



Papillae, as xeromorphic charac- 

 ter 193. 



Paramos, of South America 258, 

 261. 



Parasites 85 ; root-, in tropical 

 rain-forest 340. 



Parasitism, definition 84. 



Parklands, of Eastern Asia 325. 



Parmelia 241. 



P. esailenta, as rolling-plant of 

 deserts 277. 



Pasture, on cultivated soil 318, 

 distribution and flora 326 ; in 

 tropics, artificial 327. 



Patagonia, Nothofagus in deci- 

 duous forest 336 ; tussock-for- 

 mation in 200. 



Patagonian, and New Zealand 

 forests, similarity 338 ; shrub- 

 steppe 280. 



Patanas of Ceylon 354 ; vege- 

 tation 298. 



Peat 196 ; in frigid zones 205 ; 

 heather-, composition 210; of 

 high-moor 201 ; production 61, 

 by mosses 205, in tundra 207 ; 

 soil 61 ; in tropics 204. 



Peat-hillocks 206. 



Pelagic plankton 161. 



Pelogenous rocks 69. 



Pelophilous halophytes 223, 

 230. 



Pelopsammitic soil 69. 



Paitzia, in composita-steppe of 

 Cape Colony 279. 



Peopling of new soil by plants 

 349) general conclusions regard- 

 ing 356 ; marsh production 

 351; on new soil, resulting 

 from fires in forest and grass- 

 land 353, resulting from land- 

 slips 35 2 , resulting from volcanic 

 eruptions 351; on sand 350; on 

 soil exposed on lowering of 

 water-level 351. 



Perennation, of species in sub- 

 glacial fell-fields 251. 



